Block V - Operations & International Law Flashcards
Recognize the principles of AF Legal Support Doctrine. (W)
A- AFJAGC Support AF Ops
B- Legal Considerations in Air Force Operations (APPENDIX B). What is the mission? Looking at parameters, limits and scope of Op.
C. Planning/Execution Responsibilities. Deliberate and Crisis Action Planning (APPENDIX C)
D. Legal Readiness Considerations (APPENDIX D)
E. Mission Readiness of AFJAGC Personnel
(APPENDIX E)
F. Rules of Engagement Considerations (APPENDIX F)
Purpose: Best practices & idea’s regarding legal aspect of AFOps.
Describe the forms of classified communication technology used in The Judge Advocate General’s Corps. (W)
- Non-Classified Internet Protocol (IP) Router Network (NIPRNet):
- An IP network used to exchange unclassified information (FOUO)
- Provides users access to the internet
- Primary means of unclassified communication - Secret Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNet):
- Networks used by DoD to transmit classified information (up to secret level) - Voice-over Internet Protocol (VoIP):
- Allows you to make voice calls using a broadband internet connection
- Either classified or unclassified communication
- If internet is down, you will be unable to communicate
Explain the force protection responsibilities of a deployed commander. (W)
- Geographic Combatant Commander (GCC)
- Overall Requirement to establish and implement FP
- Authority over all DoD personnel and dependents assigned to, transiting through, or training in their AOR - Commanders at every echelon (wing, group, squadron)
- Retain ultimate responsibility for protecting persons & prop. subject to their control
- Added Responsibility f/ accomplishing force protection planning for units
Recognize characteristics of the various Force Protection Conditions (FPCON). (W)
Normal (also called baseline)
- Applies when general global threat exists and warrants a routine security posture
- At minimum, access control will be conducted
- This is where a country or person hates the U.S., etc.
Recognize characteristics of the various Force Protection Conditions (FPCON). (W)
FPCON Alpha
- Applies when general threat of possible activity against personnel and facilities, the nature and extent are unpredictable
- Able to be maintained indefinitely
- Ex: Threat of attack against a military installation (not specific enough to lock down a base)
Recognize characteristics of the various Force Protection Conditions (FPCON). (W)
FPCON Bravo
- Applies when an increased and more predictable threat of activity exists
- Able to be maintained for weeks without causing undue hardship
- Ex: There is a threat against an AFB generally (doesn’t name a base, but we know they’re targeting the Air Force)
Recognize characteristics of the various Force Protection Conditions (FPCON). (W)
FPCON Charlie
- Applies when an incident occurs or intelligence is received indicating some form of action against personnel and facilities is likely.
- Implementation for more than a short period of time will create a hardship
- Ex: Threat against an AFB in Alabama
Recognize characteristics of the various Force Protection Conditions (FPCON). (W)
FPCON Delta
- Applies in immediate area where an attack has occurred or when intelligence has been received the action against a specific location or person is imminent.
- Declared as a localized condition
- Ex: There is an attack at Maxwell AFB
Restate the USAF use of Force Policy. (W)
“objectively reasonable “ “objective reasonableness”
USAF Personnel will use only that force which is reasonably necessary to accomplish their duties in conformity with the Constitution of the United States, federal statutes, and DOD policy
What factors are considered for objective reasonableness?
o Must consider four factors
Severity of the crime
Whether the person imposes an immediate threat to the safety of others
Whether the person is actively resisting
Whether the person is attempting to evade
o Other factors considered by Courts
Number of subjects involved
Size, age, condition of subject
Duration of subject’s actions
Previous known violent/mental history
Use of alcohol or drugs
Availability of non-lethal weapons
Describe the right and obligation to exercise unit self-defense. (W)
Everyone has right to inherent self-defense. (for national security, assets, installation, etc).
Unit CC can limit right to exercise unit self-defense
Explain the structure of the Department of Homeland Security. (W)
o Secretary of Homeland Defense
- Appointed by President w/ consent of Senate
- Head of Department and has direction, authority, and control over it
o Deputy Secretary of Homeland Defense
- Appointed by President w/ consent of Senate
- Secretary’s first assistant
o Under Secretaries – Appointed by President w/ consent of Senate
- No more than 12 under secretaries IAW homeland security act
- Information Analysis and Infrastructure Protection
- Science and Technology
- Border and Transportation
- Emergency Preparedness and Response
- Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration
- Management
- General Counsel (legal professionals)
With reference to Homeland Security, discuss the Inspector General
o Mission: Independent and objective inspection, audit, and investigative body to promote effectiveness, efficiency, and economy in the DHS, and to prevent and detect fraud, abuse, mismanagement, and waste in DHS
- Has control on behalf of the Secretary w/ respect to audits/investigations, or the issuance of subpoenas, that require access to sensitive materials
- Intelligence, counter-intelligence, or counter-terrorism matters (also criminal)
With reference to Homeland Security, discuss the Commandant of the Coast Guard
o Missions of the Coast Guard, responsible for:
- Ports, waterways, and coastal security
- Drug Interdiction
- Migrant Interdiction
- Defense Readiness
- Other Officers – All are appointed by POTUS
o Director of the Secret Service
o Chief Information Officer
o Chief Human Capital Officer
o Chief Financial Officer
o Officer for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties
Cite examples of AF Support for Homeland Security missions. (W)
o Disaster Relief - restoration of essential services (water, power)
o Intelligence, Surveillance, & Reconnaissance (discovering potential threats and share with DHS)
o Information Sharing
o National Special Security Events - State of the union address, Olympics, Super Bowl. Can send EOD, planes to hover, etc.
Identify the types of support U.S. may provide to support disaster relief operations. (W)
- Stafford Act - primary act seen. DoD can help civilians, must be declared state of emergency. POTUS can use DoD to assist. Runs through DHS or FEMA (fed agencies that lead, but work with NORTHCOM to get support), NORTHCOM for DoD.
- Economy Act - DoD is helping other federal agencies. Will ask for reimbursement for support. Will not provide state assistance under Econ Act.
- Immediate Response Authority - CC at base level can use DoD personnel to assist if there’s an immediate need locally. Mayor may ask Wing/CC for assistance. Will not need to wait for approval from chain, but need to notify chain. Cannot violate Posse Comitatus Act.
- Emergency Authority - Civil unrest. Stepping in to quell the disturbance, when it may impact a base.
- Does it violate Posse Comitatus Act?
Explain key personnel and their responsibilities within the Emergency Operations Center. (W)
- Incident Commander - The IC responsible for all incident activities, including developing strategies and tactics and ordering and releasing resources
- EOC Director - oversight to installation CC to support and control incidents (usually MSG/CC).
- Transportation - LRS
- Communication – Restoring and facilitating comms
- Public works & Engineering - CE
- Fire Department & emergency services– Fire suppression and other life saving
- Emergency Management
- Mass Care, Housing & Human Services – human remains, etc
- Supply - For anything major needing ordered
- Security Forces – Protect classified material and advise on security issues
- Public Health & Medical Services – public health concerns
- Urban Search & Rescue
- Public Affairs – Handles news media requests for photographs and releases of information
- Safety
- Weather
- Bioenvironmental
- Maintenance - supervising aircraft and support equipment evacuation
- Munitions – recovering/movement of munitions.
- Legal Office – works close with PA. Advise on claims, jurisdiction issues, aircraft/missile accidents
Explain items required to be maintained in the Emergency Operations Kit. (W)
- Digital/Video cameras, portable printer, scanner and laptop.
- AFI 51-306, CSC Action Officer’s Handbook, SFs 95 & 1034, DD Forms 1842 & 1844, Advance Payment/Settlement Agreement Template for FTCA, MCA and NGCA claims
- Claimant Sign-in Log.
- Maps (base and local maps)
- Basic office supplies (pens, paper, stapler, etc)
- Action Plan Checklist
Explain the role of the Emergency Operations Center legal team during disaster response situations. (W)
- Provides legal advice to CC on claims, jurisdiction, National Defense Areas, Posse Comitatus, and aircraft/missle accidents.
- Claims - ID of affected property owners, estb. temp. claims office.
- Jurisdiction - who owns the land, consent from landowner?
Define major accident with regard to EOC
An incident involving DoD material or DoD activities that is serious enough to warrant response by the installation DRF. It differs from the minor day-to-day emergencies and incidents that installation agencies typically handle.
Cite examples of potential legal issues encountered during major accident response situations. (W)
- National Defense Area may result in increased Gov. liability (seen as temporary taking of land).
- Environmental law/Land use issues
- Mass care, housing, and human services
- Line of Duty determinations
May need:
- ROS’s, Adverse/ Disciplinarian action
Explain the purpose and scope of Status of Forces Agreements. (W)
o Defines legal position of visiting forces
o Describes how authorities of visiting force controls members
o Describes amenability of its members to local law.
o Agreement can be oral or written
Must be signed and agreed to
Signifies the intention of it’s parties to be bound in international law
It’s “denominated” (called) that exact thing.
Define SOFA
An international agreement between sovereign States that outlines jurisdiction over armed forces operating abroad
Describe common privileges afforded through Status of Forces Agreements. (W)
Diplomatic immunity (from criminal jurisdiction w/in that state).
- A&T Status (Administrative & Technical Status)
o Equivalent to status afforded embassy staff on Diplomatic Relations
o Normally just an exchange of diplomatic notes
o Short duration ops, minimal permanent personnel
o Immature relationship between parties
o Contents: Full immunity from criminal jurisdiction
immunity from civil jurisdiction
Protection from arrest or detention
Exemption from all duties and taxes
Define receiving and sending state
o Receiving State: The State which hosts foreign armed forces within its territories; the “host nation”
o Sending State: The State which dispatches its armed forces to a foreign territory; the “visiting nation” or “visiting forces”
Define Bilateral and Multilateral Agreements
o Bilateral Agreement: between two parties
o Multilateral Agreement: between more than two parties