Block I - Pharmacodynamics Flashcards
Relative contraindication
Acceptable to use drug if benefit outweighs harm
Absolute contraindication
Should be avoided b/c of potentially life-threating adverse effects.
Prototype drug
First drug in drug class (family)
Where drugs react: receptors
Drug binds to cellular component (or crosses membrane - lipophilic) and causes biochemical changes to cell. Can be agonist (assisting) or antagonist (inhibiting).
Where drugs react: ion channels
Drug binds to ion channel regulating flow of ion causing (usually) electric changes in cell
Where drugs react: pumps
Drug binds to pump causing change in ion distribution
Where drugs react: enzymes
Drug binds to transmembrane receptor activating intracellular enzyme or directly on enzyme (thrombolytic on plasminogen)
Drug potency
Amount of drug needed to produce effect at given magnitude (can “max out”)
Drug efficacy
Ability of drug to elicit response when interacting with receptor (better than potency)
Describing drug: chemical name
Tells how drug is built (eg [(1S,3R,7S,8S,8aR)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]
-3,7-dimethyl-1,2,3,7,8,8a-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
Describing drug: generic name
Serves as important designation for active ingredient (simvastatin)
Describing drug: proprietary name
Given by pharmaceutical companies, can only be used by this company (Colemin, Lipex, Zocor, Vytorin)
Describing drug: pharmacologic action
Considers mechanism of action
Describing drug: therapeutic action
Considers purpose of treatment (antiinflammatories, antibacterial)
Describing drug: legal category
Using schedules
Bioequivalence
Two drugs that show comparable bioavailability and similar times to achieve peak blood concentrations (not necessarily therapeutically equivalent)
Therapeutic equivalence
Two related drug products have same clinical effect and safety profile
How to monitor therapy
Therapeutic index is a good measure of the safe range of drug conc
