Block I - Kinetics - Drug Effects

Question 1

Drug-drug interactions: absorption

Answer 1

pH changes (antacid inhibits absorption of acidic drugs in stomach), alteration of GI motility (increased - decreased absorption, decreased - increased absorption)

Question 2

Drug-drug interactions: distribution

Answer 2

Competition for plasma proteins (drug arrives first binds, later drugs free with higher than expected conc)

Question 3

Drug-drug interactions: metabolism

Answer 3

Enzyme inhibitors (most drugs inactivated by CYP450 - if competition, more active drug leading to toxicity; prodrugs activated by CYP450 - inhibition of CYP450 would reduce amount of active drug formed, decreased therapeutic effect), enzyme inducers (some drugs increase isozyme activity - reducing other drug effect, or allowing more conversion of drug to toxic metabolites).

Question 4

Drug-drug interactions: excretion

Answer 4

Drugs that inhibit active secretion will increase amount of drugs that require this route of elimination.

Question 5

Pts at risk for drug-drug interactions

Answer 5

Geriatrics with polypharmacy

Question 6

Overdosage

Answer 6

Taking too much of drug; exceeding therapeutic window

Question 7

Allergy/anaphylaxis

Answer 7

Adverse reaction mediated by IgE antibodies, etc. Anaphylaxis is severe reaction resulting in potential asphyxiation.

Question 8

Idiosyncratic

Answer 8

Abnormal reaction to particular drug.

Question 9

Tissue damage

Answer 9

Damage of tissue as an adverse reaction due to route of admin or immune reaction

Question 10

Excessive pharmacologic effect

Answer 10

Magnified effect from drug

Question 11

Mutagenic

Answer 11

Ability of drug to cause genetic mutations

Question 12

Carcinogenic

Answer 12

Cancer causing

Question 13

Teratogenic

Answer 13

Causing harm to unborn fetus