Block C Flashcards
are fungi unicellular or multicellular
mostly multicellular, forming a network of hyphae
what can hyphae that extend above the surface produce
asexual spores called conidia
what are compact tufts of hyphae called
mycelia
what are most fungal cell walls made of
chitin
what do Mycorrhizae help plant roots obtain
phosphorus
what are fruiting bodies
macroscopic reproductive structure produced by fungi
what are examples of fruiting bodies
mushrooms and puffballs
what are the three forms of asexual fungi reproduction
growth snd spread of hyphal filaments, asexual production of spores, simple cell division
what can happen when fungi sexually reproduce
sexual spores can be produced which can originate from the fusion of two haploid cells to form a diploid cell. spores are resistant to drying, heating , freezing and chemicals
when did fungi and animals diverge
1.5 billion years ago
what are the key genera of chytridiomycetes
allomyces, batrachochytrium
what are the earliest diverging line of fungi
chytrids
what are the key genera of zygomycetes and glomeromycettes
rhizopus, encephalitozoon, glomus
what are zygomycetes primarily known for
food spoilage, commonly found in soil and decaying plant material. all are coenocytic and form zygospores
what are glomeromycetes
small group of fungi that have major ecological importance, reproduce asexually only, don’t grow independently
what are the key genera of ascomycetes
saccharomyces, candida, aspergillus
where are ascomycetes found
aquatic and terrestrial environments
saccharomyces cerevisae
cells are spiral to oval, cell division through budding, flourish in sugary environment, sexual reproduction through mating
mushrooms and basidiomycetes
key genera are agaricus and amanita, over 30,000 described species, undergo both negative and sexual reproduction
hyphal growth
unicellular organisms divide, exponential growth
how do fungi cause disease
inappropriate immune responses, toxins (mycotoxins), host infection (mycoses)
aspergillus spp
common saprophyte (leaf mould/grains) inappropriately stored dry foods. produce toxins, most commonly aflatoxin group. which are highly toxic and carcinogenic especially to birds.
in humans cause cirrhosis (liver damage) and asthma