Block 7 Nutrition Flashcards
What are the components of nutrition?
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Water
Digestion:
the hydrolysis of starches, fats, and proteins into smaller units that can be absorbed and metabolized.
Nutritional calorie (Cal):
1000 cal or 1 kcal.
Basal caloric requirement:
the energy requirement for a resting body.
Carbohydrates
the main source of energy in a diet
the main dietary carbohydrates are:
The polysaccharide starch.
The disaccharides lactose and sucrose.
The monosaccharides glucose and fructose.
What does a-Amylase do?
catalyzes the hydrolysis of a-1,4-glycosidic bonds of starch and glycogen.
What does b-Amylase do?
catalyzes the hydrolysis of b-1,4-glycosidic bonds.
What do debranching enzymes do?
catalyze the hydrolysis of b-1,6-glycosidic bonds.
Lipases
the enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of lipids, are located in the small intestine.
Bile salts
synthesized in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, emulsify water-insoluble dietary fats so that they can be acted upon by lipases.
Fats are hydrolyzed to _______
fatty acids
complex lipids to _______
fatty acids, alcohols (glycerol, ethanolamine, sphingosine), and carbohydrates.
hydrolysis products are absorbed through________
the intestinal walls.
Main use of proteins?
to furnish amino acids from which the body can synthesize its own proteins
What does cooking do to proteins?
denatures proteins and makes it easier for the digestive enzymes and HCl of the stomach to hydrolyze them.
Most protein digestion occurs __________
in the small intestine.
complete protein:
A dietary protein that contains all essential amino acids.
Protein complementation:
a diet in which two or more proteins complementation each other’s deficiencies.
