Block 7 Nutrition Flashcards
What are the components of nutrition?
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Water
Digestion:
the hydrolysis of starches, fats, and proteins into smaller units that can be absorbed and metabolized.
Nutritional calorie (Cal):
1000 cal or 1 kcal.
Basal caloric requirement:
the energy requirement for a resting body.
Carbohydrates
the main source of energy in a diet
the main dietary carbohydrates are:
The polysaccharide starch.
The disaccharides lactose and sucrose.
The monosaccharides glucose and fructose.
What does a-Amylase do?
catalyzes the hydrolysis of a-1,4-glycosidic bonds of starch and glycogen.
What does b-Amylase do?
catalyzes the hydrolysis of b-1,4-glycosidic bonds.
What do debranching enzymes do?
catalyze the hydrolysis of b-1,6-glycosidic bonds.
Lipases
the enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of lipids, are located in the small intestine.
Bile salts
synthesized in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, emulsify water-insoluble dietary fats so that they can be acted upon by lipases.
Fats are hydrolyzed to _______
fatty acids
complex lipids to _______
fatty acids, alcohols (glycerol, ethanolamine, sphingosine), and carbohydrates.
hydrolysis products are absorbed through________
the intestinal walls.
Main use of proteins?
to furnish amino acids from which the body can synthesize its own proteins
