block 7 Flashcards
body systems 1
largest system in the body
the skin or integumentary system
scabies
contagious skin disease marked by itching and small raised red spots, caused by the “itch mite”
inflammation
body’s immunological defense against injury, infection, or allergy often causing, redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function
rash
temporary eruption of a group of lesions of the skin
decubitus
difficult to heal and possibly fatal sore that forms when part of the body presses against a surface for a long period of time
shingles
acute, painful inflammation of the nerve ganglia, with a skin eruption, often forming a girdle around the middle of the body. caused by same virus as chickenpox.
joint
structure in the human body at which two parts of the skeleton fit together
ligament
short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissues that connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint.
tendon
flexible but inelastic cord of a strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone
bone
hard, rigid form of connective tissue constituting tissue most of the skeleton composed of mostly calcium
muscle
body tissue consisting of long cells that contract when stimulated and produce motion.
primary function of musculoskeletal system is to give the body
shape and structure, allow body to move and protect organs.
contracture
permanent and often painful shortening of a muscle or tendon, usually due to lack of activity
phantom pain
pain in the limb (or extremity) that has been amputated
osteoporosis
disease that causes bones to become porous and brittle, causing them to break easily
arthritis
inflammation of the joints
fracture
a broken bone
atrophy
wasting away, decreasing in size, and weakening of muscle from lack of use
osteoarthritis
usually affects the hips, knees, fingers, thumbs, and spine; also called the degenerative joint disease (DJD) or degenerative arthritis
rheumatoid arthritis
chronic progressive autoimmune disease-causing inflammation in the joints
T or F:muscle atrophy (wasting away of muscle) is a normal change of aging
FALSE
THR meaning
total hip replacement
weight bearing
amount of support or weight a resident can put on their lower extremities ; supporting the weight of their body
an abduction pillow is used with a resident who had:
total hip replacement. goes between the legs to immobilize and position the hips and lower extremities
T or F: dementia and alzheimers disease are common disorders of the nervous system
TRUE
multiple sclerosis
progressive disease that affects the central nervous system. the myelin sheath that covers neveres break down over time
seizures
uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain which may produce physical convulsions or distrbances
parkinsons disease
progressive and incurable degeneration of the brain causing muscles to become still
3 common symptoms of parkinsons disease
shuffling gait, tremors, pill-rolling
how to help a resident with head/spinal chord injury who is immobile, positioning ?
assist resident to change at least every two hours to prevent pressure injuries
cerebral palsy
condition marked by impaired muscle coordinationdue to damage in the brain
TBI aka traumatic brain injury
injury to brain from an external force leading to permanent or temporary cognitive, physical or psychosocial impairment
cerebrovascular accident CVA//stroke
blood supply to part of the brain is blocked or a blood vessel leaks into the brain
epilepsy
disorder marked by sudden recurrent episodes of sensory disturbance or convulsions (seizures)
paraplegia
loss of function of the lower body
hemiplegia
paralysis on one side of the body
dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
aphasia
affects a persons ability to communicate with others
vertigo
sensation of whirling and loss of balance
quadriplegia
loss of function in the legs, trunk, and arm
dysphasia
impairment of speech
bodys major sense organs
eyes
ears
nose
tongue
skin
glaucoma
increased pressure within the eyeball
cataracts
the lens of the eye becomes progressively opaque, resulting in blurred vision
capillary
any of the fine branches blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules
normal changes of again relating to the circulatory system
-heart pumps less efficiently
-blood vessels narrow
4 abnormal observations you need to report regarding circulatory system
-changes in pulse rate
-weakness, fatigue
-loss of ability to perform ADLs
-swelling of ankles, feet, fingers, or hands
MI aka myocardial infraction
aka heart attack, when one or more coronary arteries become completely blocked, preventing blood from reaching parts of the heart and causing the muscle cells to die
pacemaker
artificial device for stimulating the heart muscle and regulating its contractions
anemia
condition marked by a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood, resulting in pallor or weariness
hypertension
high blood pressure
cyanosis
bluish discoloration of the skin resutling from the poor circulation or oxygenation
angina
chest pain, pressure, or discomfort
edema
swelling caused by excess fluid in the body
blood clot
semi solid mass of coagulated red and white blood cells (thrombus)
PVD aka peripheral vascular disease
poor blood circulation in the legs, feet, arms, or hands caused by atherosclerosis
hypotension
low blood pressure
CHF aka congestive heart failure
heart failure in which heart is unable to maintain adequate circulation of the blood in the tissue of the body
six risk factors of PVD aka congestive heart failure
obesity
high cholesterol
diabetes
inactivity
smoking
hypertension
