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Virology RUSVM > Block 6 > Flashcards

Block 6 Flashcards

1
Q

the process of growing bacteria or a virus in iterations.
For instance, a virus may be grown in one environment, and then a
portion of that virus population can be removed and put into a new
environment is called?

A

Serial passage

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2
Q

VACCINES ARE PRODUCED FROM:
Name 3 sources

A

VACCINES ARE PRODUCED FROM
1. NATURALLY OCCURRING ATTENUATED
VIRUSES,
2. SERIAL PASSAGE IN CULTURED CELLS, HETEROLOGOUS HOSTS OR
3. COLD-ADAPTED MUTANTS AND RE-ASSORTANTS

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3
Q

RINDERPEST AND CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER

adapted to be growm how? why?

A

RINDERPEST AND CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER WERE ADAPTED TO BE ABLE TO
GROWN IN RABBITS AND AFTER SERIAL PASSAGE BECOME USED AS
VACCINES.

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4
Q

VACCINES PRODUCED FROM INACTIVATED WHOLE VIRIONS, PURIFIED
NATIVE VIRAL PROTEINS are called?

A

NON-REPLICATING VIRUS VACCINES:

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5
Q

vaccines produced by serial passage of viruses in hererologous hosts is a ? vaccine?

A

live-attenuated

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6
Q

Subunit vaccines produced by Expression of viral proteins in Eukaryotic (yeast mammalian, insect), bacteria or plants

( I think that the slide is saying this is an example of…But I don’t understand the slide so double check)

A

VACCINES PRODUCED BY RECOMBINANT DNA AND RELATED
TECHNOLOGIES.

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7
Q

DIVA
stands for what?

A

(DIFFERENTIATING INFECTED
FROM VACCINATED ANIMALS)

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8
Q

DIVA (DIFFERENTIATING INFECTED
FROM VACCINATED ANIMALS)

only uses what portion of the pathogen?

A

ONLY USES SUBUNIT (PORTION) OF THE PATHOGEN

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9
Q

DIVA

IF AN ANTIBODY TO OTHER SUBUNITS OR ANTIGENS
NOT INCLUDED IN THE VACCINE ARE DETECTED, THEN
THE ANIMAL HAS BEEN INFECTED WITH THE PATHOGEN.

what?

A

(NATURAL INFECTION)

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10
Q

DIVA

IF ONLY THE ANTIBODIES TO THE SUBUNIT OF THE
VACCINE ARE DETECTED THEN THE ANIMAL IS NOT
INFECTED.
what?

A

(JUST VACCINATED)

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11
Q

PREVENTION AND

CONTROL

what is the difference between isolation and quarantine?

A

**ISOLATION: **SEPARATING AN ANIMAL IF
THEY SHOW CLINICAL SIGNS AND/OR
TEST POSITIVE ON DIAGNOSTIC TEST.
* QUARANTINE: APPLIES TO THOSE WHO
HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO A
CONTAGIOUS DISEASE

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12
Q

PREVENTION AND

CONTROL

should you quarantine if THEY AREN’T SHOWING SIGNS
OR THE ANIMALS TEST NEGATIVE ON
DIAGNOSTICS? when?

A

EVEN IF THEY AREN’T SHOWING SIGNS
OR THE ANIMALS TEST NEGATIVE ON
DIAGNOSTICS IF THE DISEASE INVOLVES
CHRONICALLY INFECTED HEALTHY
SHEDDERS.

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13
Q

what is QUARANTINE AND CULLING:

A

TO
SEPARATE AND RESTRICT THE MOVEMENT
OF ANIMALS, KILLING THE ANIMAL AND
PROPER DISPOSITION OF THE CULLED
ANIMALS.

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14
Q

PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF
INFECTIOUS DISEASES

name 4

A

DECONTAMINATION
STERILIZATION
DISINFECTION
ANTISEPSIS

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15
Q

t/f
sterilisation, disinfection and antisepsis are all forms of decontamination?

A

t

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16
Q

APPLICATION OF LIQUID ANTIMICROBIAL TO SKIN
OR LIVING TISSUE TO INHIBIT OR DESTROY MICROORGANISMS.

what?
example?

A

ANTISEPSIS

hand sanitizer

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17
Q

ELIMINATES ALL MICROORGANISMS, **EXCEPT
BACTERIAL SPORES **ON INANIMATE OBJECTS. (LESS EFFECTIVE
THAN STERILIZATION)

what?
example?

A

DISINFECTION

alcohol, pastuerization

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18
Q

PROCESS THAT DESTROYS OR ELIMINATES** ALL
FORMS** OF MICROBIAL LIFE/PATHOGENS, INCLUDING BACTERIA
WITH SPORES.

what?
example?

A

STERILIZATION

autoclave

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19
Q

PROCESS MAKING A MEDICAL DEVICE,
INSTRUMENT, OR ENVIRONMENTAL SURFACE SAFE TO HANDLE

what?
exampl?

A

DECONTAMINATION

soap+water

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20
Q

STERILIZATION METHODS

what is an example of moist heat?

A

MOIST HEAT: AUTOCLAVE

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21
Q

STERILIZATION METHODS
what is an example of dry heat?

A

DRY HEAT: HOT AIR OVEN

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22
Q

STERILIZATION METHODS
what is an example of chemical method?

A

CHEMICAL METHODS: GASES LIKE ETHYLENE OXIDE, OZONE.

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23
Q

STERILIZATION METHODS
what are the 2 methods of radiation

examples?

A
  • RADIATION:
  • NON-IONIZING: ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION
  • IONIZING: GAMMA RAYS, X-RAYS
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24
Q

STERILIZATION METHODS

what is STERILE FILTRATION?

A

STERILE FILTRATION: MICROFILTRATION USING MEMBRANE
FILTERS

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25
Q

STERILIZATION METHODS

name 5

A

moist heat
dry heat
chemical method
radiation x2
sterile filtration

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26
Q

LARGE, SOMETIMES ENVELOPED, DNA VIRUSES WITH
COMPLEX STRUCTURES (SYMMETRY)

what are they?

A

POXVIRUSES

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27
Q

POXVIRUSES
describe
how does that differ if they are genus parapoxvirus?

A

MOST ARE PLEOMORPHIC, USUALLY BRICK SHAPED WITH AN
IRREGULAR SURFACE OR IF OF THE GENUS PARAPOXVIRUS:
OVOID (CRISS-CROSS PATTERN IN AN ORGANIZED PATTERN)

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28
Q

POXVIRUSES
THERE ARE TWO INFECTIOUS FORMS: what are they?

A

INTRACELLULAR MATURE VIRUS (IMV)
EXTRACELLULAR ENVELOPED VIRUS (EEV)

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29
Q

POXVIRUSES

what is the difference between
INTRACELLULAR MATURE VIRUS (IMV) and EXTRACELLULAR ENVELOPED VIRUS (EEV)

A
  • INTRACELLULAR MATURE VIRUS (IMV) WHICH **ONLY HAVE AN INNER
    MEMBRANE **AND RELEASED VIA CELL DESTRUCTION
  • EXTRACELLULAR ENVELOPED VIRUS (EEV) WHICH CONTAIN TWO
    MEMBRANES     (ENVELOPE AND INNER MEMBRANE) –AND RELEASED
    VIA BUDDING.
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30
Q

what is a virion?

A

a complete virus particle that consist of an RNA or DNA core with a protein coat sometimes with an external envelope and is th extracellular ineffectibe form of the virus (outside the host cell)

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31
Q

POXVIRUSES
HAVE COMPLEX SYMMETRY * VIRION describe

A

VIRION OUTER LAYER ENCLOSES A DUMBBELL
-SHAPED
CORE AND 2 LATERAL BODIES. THE CORE HAS VIRAL
DNA WITH SEVERAL PROTEINS.

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32
Q

POXVIRUSES
how many genes in genome?
how many encoded proteins?

A

POXVIRUSES HAVE MORE THAN 200 GENES IN THEIR
GENOME AND AS MANY AS 100 ENCODE PROTEINS
THAT CONTAINS VIRIONS.

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33
Q

POXVIRUSES
how many genes in genome?
how many encoded proteins?

A

POXVIRUSES HAVE MORE THAN 200 GENES IN THEIR
GENOME AND AS MANY AS 100 ENCODE PROTEINS
THAT CONTAINS VIRIONS.

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34
Q

POXVIRUSES

where does replication occur? why?

A

REPLICATION OCCURS PREDOMINANTLY IN THE
CYTOPLASM BECAUSE ENZYMES HAVE THE ABILITY TO
REPLICATE AND TRANSCRIBE IN THE GENOME.

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35
Q

POXVIRUSES

THE GENOME CONSISTS OF A SINGLE MOLECULE OF ?

A

THE GENOME CONSISTS OF A SINGLE MOLECULE OF
LINEAR DOUBLE STRANDED DNA

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36
Q

STABILITY OF POXVIRUSES

are they stable?
how long do they stay infectious?
why?
what relevance to disinfectants?

A

THEY ARE EXTREMELY STABLE IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND REMAIN INFECTIOUS FOR SEVERAL
MONTHS OUTSIDE A HOST BODY **BECAUSE OF THEIR LOW LIPID CONTENT **MAKING THEM
MORE RESILIENT TO SOLVENTS/DISINFECTANTS.

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37
Q

STABILITY OF POXVIRUSES

do they have a high resistence to drying?
why is this relevant?

A

THEY ALSO HAVE A VERY HIGH RESISTANCE TO DRYING AND CAN SURVIVE FOR YEARS IN
DRIED SCABS (WHICH ARE VERY INFECTIOUS) OR OTHER VIRUS-LADEN MATERIAL.

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38
Q

which virus has an enveloped form that stable in the environment?

A

poxvirus, BUT poxvirs not an answer choice, so know what virus are pox viruses
ex. coupox

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39
Q

TRANSMISSION OF

POXVIRUSES

what are the 3 ways? examples?

A
  • SKIN: MUST BE BROKEN SKIN. THIS IS
    THE MOST COMMON ROUTE
  • RESPIRATORY: INHALATION OF AEROSOL
    (SHEEPPOX VIRUS)
  • MECHANICALLY: ATHROPOD BITES
    (MYXOMA AND AVIPOXCIRUSES)
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40
Q

POXVIRUS PATHOGENESIS/IMMUNITY

t/f
POXVIRUSES ARE NOT HIGHLY EPITHELIOTROPIC

A

F
POXVIRUSES ARE HIGHLY EPITHELIOTROPIC CAUSING
CUTANEOUS LESION!

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41
Q

POXVIRUS
PATHOGENESIS/IMMUNITY
ARE THEY ALL HOST SPECIFIC?

A

THEY ARE HOST SPECIFIC, EXCEPT ORTHOPOXVIRUSES
WHICH INFECT A WIDE RANGE OF SPECIES!

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42
Q

POXVIRUS
PATHOGENESIS/IMMUNITY

CAN THEY CAUSE SYSTEMIC DISEASES?
IN WHAT?
EXAMPLE?

A

CAN CAUSE SYSTEMIC DISEASES IN BIRDS AND WILD
ANIMALS (SHEEPPOX AND GOATPOX)

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43
Q

POXVIRUS
PATHOGENESIS/IMMUNITY
INVADE THE SKIN AND ACCESS WHAT ?
BY WHAT SYSTEM?

A

INVADES THE SKIN AND ACCESSES THE SYSTEMIC
CIRCULATION VIA THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM.

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44
Q

POXVIRUS
PATHOGENESIS/IMMUNITY

USES SECONDARY VIREMIA TO DO WHAT?

A

USES SECONDARY VIREMIA TO GET THE VIRUS BACK TO
THE SKIN AND OTHER TARGET ORGANS

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45
Q

ORTHOPOXVIRUS

COW VIRUS-DISTRIBUTION?

A

DISTRIBUTION: ENDEMIC ONLY TO EUROPE AND ASIA

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46
Q

ORTHOPOXVIRUS
HOSTS?

A

HOSTS: CATTLE, WILD AND DOMESTIC CATS, HUMANS, ZOO ANIMALS, ETC.

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47
Q

ORTHOPOXVIRUS
RESERVOIR HOSTS

A

RESERVOIR HOSTS: RODENTS

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48
Q

ORTHOPOXVIRUS
TRANSMISSION:

A

TRANSMISSION:
* COW TO COW: THROUGH INFECTED MILER’S HANDS OR TEAT CUPS
* INFECTED FARM CATS CAN ALSO TRANSMIT THE DISEASE
* RODENTS SERVE AS THE RESERVOIR AND CAN TRANSMIT THE DISEASE

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49
Q

ORTHOPOXVIRUS
CLINICAL SIGNS IN CATTLE:

A

CLINICAL SIGNS IN CATTLE: PAPULES ON TEATS/UDDERS. SUCKLING CALVES
MAY ALSO DEVELOP LESIONS IN MOUTH

50
Q

COWPOX IN CATS

  • TRANSMISSION:
A

TRANSMISSION:
* SKIN INOCULATION (TYPICALLY THROUGH A BITE
OR SKIN WOUND) RODENTS ARE A COMMON
SOURCE OF INFECTION.
* ORO-NASAL ROUTE IS ALSO POSSIBLE
* IN CHEETAHS VIRAL PNEUMONIA MAY BE EVIDENT
AS WELL

51
Q

COWPOX IN CATS

CLINICAL SIGNS

PRIMARY LESIONS:
SECONDARY LESIONS:

A

PRIMARY LESIONS:
* A SINGLE PRIMARY LESION TYPICALLY ON THE
HEAD, NECK OR FORELIMB
* CAN BE A SMALL SCABBED WOUND ALL THE WAY
TO A LARGE ABSCESS
SECONDARY LESIONS:
* OCCURS 7-10 DAYS AFTER THE PRIMARY LESION
* ULCERATION AND SCABS
* CAN HEAL IN 6 WEEKS

52
Q

COWPOX IN CATS

CS ?

A

TYPICALLY, NO OTHER CS OTHER THAN SKIN
LESIONS
* 20% CAN GET MILD CORYZA/CONJUNCTIVITIS (INFLAMMATION OF MUCOUS MEMBRANES)

53
Q

COWPOX IN CATS

COMPLICATIONS ?

A

COMPLICATIONS FROM SECONDARY BACTERIAL
INFECTION

54
Q

COWPOX IN HUMANS

TRANSMISSION?

A

TRANSMISSION:
* MAINLY CAUSED BY DIRECT CONTACT TO “CUDDLY” CATS
* RARELY FROM RODENTS
* HUMANS GET IT MORE FROM CATS THAN COWS!

55
Q

COWPOX IN HUMANS

CLINICAL SIGNS:

A

MACROPAPULAR LESIONS ARE SEEN ON THE HANDS AND FACE THEN LATER DEVELOP INTO
VESICULAR AND THEN ULCERATIVE LESIONS
* RESULT IN ENLARGED PAINFUL LOCAL LYMPH NODES
* PATIENTS REPORT FEVER, VOMITING AND SORE THROAT

56
Q

MONKEYPOX

FOUND WHERE?

A

NORMALLY SEEN IN AFRICA

57
Q

MONKEYPOX

IN HUMANS: SYMPTOMS?

A

IN HUMANS: A VIRAL ZOONOSIS WITH SYMPTOMS IN HUMANS SIMILAR TO
THOSE SEEN IN THE PAST WITH SMALLPOX

58
Q

MONKEYPOX

TRANSMISSION:

PRIMARY INFECTION?
SECONDARY INFECTION?

A

PRIMARY INFECTION: FROM INFECTED BODY FLUIDS OF AN INFECTED
ANIMAL. HANDLING MONKEYS, GAMBIAN RATS OR SQUIRRELS
* SECONDARY INFECTION: HUMAN-HUMAN VIA INFECTED RESPIRATORY
EXCRETIONS, SKIN LESIONS OR CONTAMINATED OBJECT

59
Q

PARAPOXVIRUSES

PSEUDOCOWPOX

EXPLAIN?

A

(CATTLE, HUMANS)

ZOONOTIC

60
Q

PARAPOXVIRUSES

CONTAGIOUS ECTHYMA/ORF VIRUS

EXPLAIN

A

CONTAGIOUS ECTHYMA
(DISEASE IN ANIMALS)

ORF VIRUS
(DISEASE IN HUMANS)

SHEEP, GOATS, HUMANS

61
Q

BOCVNE PAPULAR STOMATITIS VIRUS

EXPLAIN

A

NOT AS IMPORTANT

62
Q

A VIRAL SKIN DISEASE CAUSES MILD SORES ON
THE TEATS AND UDDERS OF CATTLE.

WHAT IS IT?

A

PSEUDOCOWPOX

63
Q

PSEUDOCOWPOX

WHAT ABOUT HUMANS?

A

CAN ALSO INFECT HUMANS! (MILKER’S NODULE) ZOONOTIC

64
Q

PSEUDOCOWPOX
WHERE?

A

REPORTED FROM MOST COUNTRIES.

65
Q

PSEUDOCOWPOX
TRANSMISSION

A

TRANSMISSION:
* FROM INFECTED COWS, INFECTED MILKERS HANDS,
INFECTED TEAT CUPS
* BITING INSECTS
* HORIZONTALLY FROM COW TO CALF VIA MILK
* SEMEN OF BULLS-LESS KNOWN

66
Q

PSEUDOCOWPOX
PATHOGENESIS:

A

PATHOGENESIS: LESIONS ARE CHARACTERIZED BY
HYPERPLASIA OF SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM.

67
Q

PSEUDOCOWPOX
CLINICAL SIGNS:

ACUTE SIGNS?
CHRONIC LESIONS?

A
  • INFECTIONS ARE GENERAL MILD
  • ACUTE LESIONS:
  • ERYTHEMA(RED SKIN)→PAPULES(EMPTY RAISED BUMP)→VESICLE(RAISED BUMP W/CLEAR FLUID) OR
    PUSTULE(RAISED BUMP W/ PUSS FLUID)→RUPTURE→THICK SCAB
  • A THICK SCAB (0.5-25CM IN DIAMETER ) THAT
    BECOMES ELEVATED WITH GRANULATION TISSUE.
  • AFTER 7-10 DAYS A HORSESHOE-SHAPED SCABS
    WILL FORM
  • CHRONIC LESIONS
  • STARTS AS ERYTHEMA AND LEADS TO YELLOW-
    GRAY SCABS, BUT IS PAINLESS, PERSISTS FOR

MONTHS.

68
Q

PSEUDOCOWPOX

DIAGNOSIS:

A
  • HORSESHOE-SHAPED RING LIKE LESION.
    PATHOGNOMONIC
  • ISOLATION AND DETECTION OF THE VIRUS VIA
    VARIOUS DIAGNOSTIC LAB METHODS FROM VESICULAR
    FLUID OR FROM TEAT SKIN
69
Q

PSEUDOCOWPOX

TREATMENT:

A
  • REMOVAL OF SCABS (VERY INFECTIOUS!)
  • BURN THE SCABS
  • APPLY AN EMOLLIENT OINTMENT BEFORE MILKING
  • APPLY ASTRINGENT PREPARATION AFTER MILKING
    (TIGHTENS THE SKIN AND LIMITS SPREAD)
70
Q

PSEUDOCOWPOX

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS:

A

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS:
* COWPOX VIRUS
* BOVINE HERPESVIRUS ULCERATIVE MAMMILITIS
* VESICULAR STOMATITIS
* UDDER IMPETIGO
* TEAT CHAPS AND FROSTBITE
* BLACK SPOT

71
Q

PSEUDOCOWPOX

PREVENTION:

A
  • DISINFECTION (IODOPHOR TEAT DIP)
  • ISOLATION AND TREATMENT OF INFECTED
    COWS
  • REDUCE TEAT TRAUMA
72
Q

CONTAGIOUS ECTHYMA (ORF)

ETIOLOGY:

A

ORF VIRUS, GENUS PARAPOXVIRUS

73
Q

CONTAGIOUS ECTHYMA (ORF)

TRANSMISSION:

A
  • SCABS FALL OFF AND CAN REMAIN INFECTIOUS
    IN THE ENVIRONMENT FOR EXTENDED TIME
  • CONTAMINATED INSTRUMENTS (TAIL
    DOCKING/EAR TAGGING)
  • INFECTS VIA DAMAGED SKIN
  • ORAL LESIONS ON LAMB CAN TRANSFER TO THE
    MOTHERS TEAT AND BACK
  • SPREADS RAPIDLY
74
Q

CONTAGIOUS ECTHYMA (ORF)

HOST:

A

HOST: SHEEP AND GOATS-PRIMARILY LAMBS
AND GOAT KIDS

75
Q

CONTAGIOUS ECTHYMA (ORF)

DISTRIBUTION:

A

WORLDWIDE

76
Q

CONTAGIOUS ECTHYMA (ORF)

PATHOGENESIS:

A
  • SKIN: CELLULAR RESPONSE WITH NECROSIS
    AND SLOUGHING
  • CUTANEOUS: DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY
    AND INFLUX INFLAMMATORY CELLS.
  • MACULE→PAPULE→VESICLE→PUSTULE→ULCE
    R→SCAB
77
Q

CONTAGIOUS

ECTHYMA (ORF)

CLINICAL SIGNS:

A
  • THE FIRST LESION DEVELOPS IN THE MUCOCUTANEOUS JUNCTION
    AND ARE ACCOMPANIED WITH SWOLLEN LIPS
  • LESIONS THEN SPREADS TO THE MUZZLE AND NOSTRILS CAUSING
    ANIMALS TO HAVE DIFFICULTY EATING LEADING TO ANOREXIA
    AND WEIGHT LOSS.
  • LESIONS ON THE TEATS MAY LEAD TO A SECONDARY BACTERIAL
    INFECTION RESULTING IN MASTITIS DUE TO THE INVASION OF THE
    LESIONS VIA FLY LARVAE.
  • SEVERE CASES MAY RESULT IN LESIONS ON THE GENITALS

(LEADING TO INFERTILITY IF ON THE SCROTUM), FEET (LEADING TO LAMENESS), EARS.

78
Q

CONTAGIOUS ECTHYMA (ORF)

VACCINATION:
DOES IT LAST?
SHOULD ALL ANIMALS GET IT?
WHAT ABOUT INSPECTING THE LAMB?
WHAT ABOUT PREGNANT EWES

A
  • DOES NOT OFFER LONG-LASTING IMMUNITY.
    AT MOST 1-2 YEARS.
  • VACCINES SHOULD NOT BE USED ON FARMS
    THAT DO NOT HAVE A PROBLEM WITH ORF
  • YOU SHOULD INSPECT THE LAMB 1 WEEK
    AFTER VACCINATION FOR LOCAL
    REACTIONS
  • IN PROBLEM FLOCKS/HERS, THE LAMBS/KIDS
    MAY NEED TO BE VACCINATED AT 6-8 WEEKS.
  • VACCINATE PREGNANT EWES BEFORE
    LAMBING
79
Q

CONTAGIOUS ECTHYMA (ORF)

IN HUMANS:

A
  • MACRO-POPULAR LESIONS AND LARGE
    NODULAR LESIONS IN THE FINGER, THE HAND,
    THE ARM, FACE, AND EVEN THE PENIS. VERY
    PAINFUL
  • SECONDARY BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF
    LESIONS MAY CAUSE COMPLICATIONS
80
Q

GENUS: CAPRIPOXVIRUS

SHEEPPOX (SPV) AND GOAT
POX (GPV)
DISTRIBUTION

A

DISTRIBUTION: ENDEMIC IN AFRICA, ASIA AND PARTS
OF EUROPE

81
Q

SHEEPPOX (SPV) AND GOAT
POX (GPV)

HOW MANY VIRUS?

A

USED TO BE CONSIDERED ONE VIRUS, WITH GENETIC
SEQUENCING IT WAS DETERMINED TO BE TWO
SEPARATE VIRUSES.

82
Q

SHEEPPOX (SPV) AND GOAT
POX (GPV)

CAN THEY BE DISTINGUISHED?

A

THEY CANNOT BE DISTINGUISHED FROM ONE
ANOTHER WITH SEROLOGICAL TECHNIQUES.

83
Q

SHEEPPOX (SPV) AND GOAT
POX (GPV)
WHAT RELATION TO LSDV?

A

CLOSELY RELATED TO LSDV BUT THERE IS NO
EVIDENCE LSDV CAUSES DISEASE IN SHEEPS AND
GOATS.

84
Q

CAPRIPOXVIRUS

LUMPY SKIN DISEASE OF
CATTLE (LSDV)

DISTRIBUTION:

A

DISTRIBUTION: ENZOOTIC IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
AND MIDDLE EAST WITH RECENT INCURSION IN IRAQ

not asia

85
Q

LUMPY SKIN DISEASE OF
CATTLE (LSDV)
TRANSMISSION:

A

TRANSMISSION: ARTHROPOD VECTOR (MOST
COMMON), DIRECT CONTACT

86
Q

LUMPY SKIN DISEASE OF
CATTLE (LSDV)
HOST:

A

HOST: CATTLE

87
Q

LUMPY SKIN DISEASE OF
CATTLE (LSDV)
CLINICAL SIGNS:

A

CLINICAL SIGNS: FEVER, MULTIPLE NODULAR LESIONS
ON SKIN AND MUCOUS MEMBRANE,
LYMPHADENOPATHY

88
Q

SHEEPPOX AND GOATPOX

where?

A

africa, asia europe

89
Q

SHEEPPOX AND GOATPOX
TRANSMISSION:

how contagious?
how acquired?
where found on animal?
relevance of scabs?

A
  • **HIGHLY **CONTAGIOUS
  • ENTERS THE RESPIRATORY TRACT VIS AEROSOL
    (MOST COMMON).     CAN ALSO OCCUR IN THE MM
    VIA DIRECT CONTENT FROM CONTAMINATED
    IATROGENIC MATERIALS AS WELL AS MECHANICAL
    TRANSMISSION BY BITING ARTHROPODS.
  • VIRUSES IS PRESENT IN NASAL AND ORAL
    SECRETIONS FOR SEVERAL WEEKS AFTER INFECTION.
  • CAN SURVIVE IN DRY** SCABS FOR MONTHS**
90
Q

SHEEPPOX
PATHOGENESIS:

A

PATHOGENESIS: * SHEEPPOX IS A **SYSTEMIC DISEASE *** AFTER INCUBATION, **LEUKOCYTE-ASSOCIATED **VIREMIA
INCURS.
* VIRUS WILL LOCALIZE IN THE SKIN AND OTHER
INTERNAL ORGANS. intestines, lungs et.
* RESULTS IN SEVERE NECROTIZING VASCULITIS IN THE
ARTERIOLES AND POSTCAPILLARY VENULES OF THE
SKIN,

**reportable

91
Q

SHEEPPOX

clinical signs

malignant form?
benign form?

A

CLINICAL SIGNS: * MALIGNANT FORM:
* SEEN IN LAMBS AND HAVE A HIGH MORTALITY RATE
* LESIONS START ON SKIN AND MOVE INTO
LARYNX/PHARYNX/LUNGS. SECONDARY PNEUMONIA IS
COMMON WHILE ABORTION IS RARE
* STAR SHAPED SCAR FORMED FREE OF HAIR OR WOOL

BENIGN FORM * MORE COMMON IN ADULTS * ONLY SKIN LESIONS OCCUR * MORTALITY IS LOW 0

92
Q

SHEEPPOX

PREVENTION AND CONTROL:

A
  • NOTIFIABLE DISEASE IN MOST
    COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD
  • VACCINATION:
  • THERE IS A LARGE VARIETY OF
    VACCINES AVAILABLE BUT A LIVE
    ATTENUATED VACCINES     OFFER
    EXCELLENT PROTECTION FOR MORE

THAN A YEAR.

93
Q

GOAT POX

found where?
is it reportable?
clinically similar to what?
how does it differ between kids and adults?

A

Occurs in Africa, Asia and parts of
Europe
A reportable disease

Clinically very similar to sheep pox

Young kids suffer systemic disease while
adults exhibit a milder form.

94
Q

SUIPOXVIRUS

SWINEPOX

distribution?

A

DISTRIBUTION: WORLDWIDE, WIDESPREAD SPORADIC DISEASE

95
Q

SUIPOXVIRUS

SWINEPOX

HOST:

what is the difference in older pigs vs. piglets?

A

HOST: PIGS
* OLDER PIGS-GENERALLY BENIGN. LOW MORTALITY AND LOW
MORBIDITY
* CONGENITALLY INFECTED AND VERY YOUNG SUCKLING PIGLETS-HIGH
FATALITY

96
Q

SWINEPOX

TRANSMISSION:

what 3 ways?
what 3 results?

A

1-DIRECT CONTACT WITH SKIN INJURY (THE VIRUS SURVIVES IN SCABS
FOR YEARS)
2 MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION VIA PIG LOUSE-HAEMATOPINUS SUIS
(HARBORS THE VIRUS FOR A LONG TIMES), FLIES AND INSECTS.
3TRANSPLACENTAL INFECTION OF NEONATAL PIGS-HIGH MORTALITY.

97
Q

SWINEPOX

CLINICAL SIGNS

A
  • TYPICAL POX LESIONS THAT CAN OCCUR ANYWHERE
    BUT USUALLY ON THE ABDOMEN AND INNER THIGH
  • GREASY PIG DISEASE AND SECONDARY BACTERIAL
    DERMATITIS CAN OCCUR SECONDARILY
  • IN SEVERE INFECTIONS, LESIONS MAY OCCUR IN
    UPPER RESPIRATORY AND DIGESTIVE TRACTS
98
Q

SWINEPOX

CONTROL

A
  • ERADICATION OF LICE FROM PIGGERY
  • NO VACCINE AVAILABLE
99
Q

GENUS: AVIPOXVIRUS

FOWLPOX

HOST:

A

HOST: HIGHLY INFECTIOUS DISEASE OF POULTRY AND
TURKEYS

100
Q

FOWLPOX

DISTRIBUTION:

A

WORLDWIDE

101
Q

FOWLPOX

TRANSMISSION:

A
  • SKIN
  • MECHANICALLY VIA MOSQUITOES, LICE AND TICKS
  • AEROSOL
102
Q

FOWLPOX

is it resistent?

A

EXTREMELY RESISTANT TO DESICCATION AND CAN SURVIVE IN
SCABS FOR A LONG TIME.

103
Q

FOWLPOX

THREE FORMS:

A
  • CUTANEOUS (DRY FORM) MOST COMMON
  • DIPHTHERITIC (WET FORM) LEAST COMMON BUT MORE
    SEVERE
  • OCULAR FORM
104
Q

FOWLPOX

INCLUSION BODIES
name 2

A

1-BOLLINGER BODIES
* EOSINOPHILIC, CYTOPLASMIC
2- BARREL BODIES
* INSIDE OF BOLLINGER BODIES
* SPHERICAL FROM TRYPTIC DIGESTION OF
BOLLINGER BODIES

105
Q

FOWLPOX

which form is this?
* MOST COMMON
* LOW MORTALITY
* SMALL PAPULES ON THE COMB, WATTLES AND BEAK
BUT CAN DEVELOP ON LEGS, FEET AND AROUND THE
CLOACA HAVING NODULES BECOME YELLOWISH AND
PROGRESS TO A HIGHLY INFECTIOUS THICK SCAB.
* SHARP FALL IN EGG PRODUCTION
* IF THE CASE IS UNCOMPLICATED, WILL RECOVER IN 4
WEEKS.

A

THE CUTANEOUS FORM (THE DRY FORM)

106
Q

FOWLPOX

which form is this?
* DEADLY
* CAUSED BY DROPLET INFECTIONS
* LESIONS ARE FOUND ON THE MUCOUS MEMBRANES OF
MOUTH, PHARYNX, LARYNX AND TRACHEA BUT USUALLY
COALESCE AND RESULT IN NECROTIC PSEUDOMEMBRANE
(BLOCKING THE AIRWAY) LEADING TO DEAD VIA
ASPHYXIATION.
* PROGNOSIS IS QUITE POOR.

A

DIPHTHERIC
FOWLPOX (WET FORM)

107
Q

FOWLPOX

Which form is this?
* CONJUNCTIVITIS
* CHEESY EXUDATE
ACCUMULATES UNDER THE
EYELID AND BECOMES BLIND

A

FOWL POX
OCULAR FORM

108
Q

FOWLPOX CONTROL

A

Vaccination:
Modified live
fowlpox

Control mosquito
population and
other biting
insects.

109
Q

UNCLASSIFIED POXVIRUSES
ULCERATIVE DERMATOSIS OF
SHEEP

transmission?
clinical forms? hint name 2

A
  • TRANSMISSION: SKIN
  • CLINICAL FORMS: LESIONS ARE TYPICALLY ULCERS WITH A
    RAW CRATER THAT BLEED EASILY
  • TWO FORMS
    1 LIP AND LEG ULCERATION
    2 VENEREAL FORM-TRANSMITS ULCERATION OF THE PREPUCE
    AND PENIS OR THE VULVA
110
Q

what is the host for unclassified poxvirul transmitted by coitus?

A

sheep

111
Q

DIAGNOSING
POXVIRUS
7 steps

A
  1. Clinical signs
  2. Samplings-from the skin lesions, vesicular fluids (Highly infectious!), crusts
    or scabs
  3. Electron microscopy
  4. Histopathology: Characteristic
    intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies
  5. Pock Lesions
  6. Serological Assays (ELISA)
  7. PCR
112
Q

DIAGNOSING
POXVIRUS

histopathology

type A?
Type b?

A

Type A or ATI Inclusion bodies: (cowpox and ectromelia virus) strongly eosinophilic
Type B-most poxviruses. Slightly eosinophilic and
composed of viral particles and protein aggregates
Bollinger and Borrel bodies in avipoxvirus

113
Q

CIRCOVIRIDAE

what is it?

PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS TYPE 1?
PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS TYPE-2?

A
  • PSITTACINE BEAK AND FEATHER DISEASE VIRUS
  • PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS TYPE 1 (NON-PATHOGENIC)
  • PORCINE CIRCOVIRUS TYPE-2 (POST-WEANING
    MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME [PMWS])

Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome PDNS

114
Q

CIRCOVIRIDAE

what kind of genomes?
what does it look like
how does replication occur?
is it stable?

A
  • SINGULAR SINGLE STRANDED DNA GENOMES
  • CHICKEN INFECTIOUS ANEMIA VIRUS HAS
    TRUMPET LIKE PROJECTIONS
  • REPLICATION OCCURS IN ACTIVELY DIVIDING CELLS
  • VERY STABLE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
115
Q

POST-WEANING MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING
SYNDROME (PMWS)

what is this called?

A

porcine coronavirus 2

116
Q

POST-WEANING MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING
SYNDROME (PMWS)
CLINICAL SIGNS:

A
  • SUBCLINICAL INFECTION IS MOST COMMON
  • LETHARGY, PROGRESSIVE WEIGHT LOSS, COUGH,
    SLOW GROWTH (FAILURE TO THRIVE)
  • CO-INFECTION CAN CAUSE SEVERE DISEASE AND
    MORE PRONOUNCED LESIONS.
117
Q

POST-WEANING MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING
SYNDROME (PMWS)
DIANOSIS

A
  • SEROLOGICAL ASSAYS-MOST ARE SEROPOSITIVE
    SO ANTIGEN DETECTION IS NOT OF MUCH VALUE
  • DETECTION OF PCV-2 NUCLEIC ACIDS BY PCR
118
Q

POST-WEANING MULTISYSTEMIC WASTING
SYNDROME (PMWS)
VACCINATION:

A
  • CHIMERIC VACCINE USING PCV-1 WITH PCV-2
    CAPSID PROTEIN
  • INACTIVATED OR BACULOVIRUS-EXPRESSED
    VACCINES
  • VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES WITH PCV-2 CAPSID PROTEIN
  • VACCINATE SOW ANTEPARTUM

** not the same as swine pox

119
Q

PORCINE DERMATITIS AND
NEPHROPATHY SYNDROME
(PDNS)

also called

A

porcine coronavrus 2

120
Q

PORCINE DERMATITIS AND
NEPHROPATHY SYNDROME
(PDNS)

associated with?
continual or sporadic?
reported in what age pigs?
findings?

A
  • ASSOCIATED WITH PCV2
  • SPORADIC
  • REPORTED IN OLDER PIGLETS
  • FINDINGS:
  • NECROTIZING SKIN LESIONS, VASCULITIS AND
    NECROTIZING AND FIBRINOUS
    GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Virology RUSVM (7 decks)

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