Block 5 Flashcards
Name 3 activities of daily living (ADL)
Tying shoelaces
Getting out of bed
Walking to the shop
Walking upstairs
Making a cup of tea
Turning a key in the door
what is an ADL
Anything that is an essential part of life that we tend
to do nearly every day.
Name 3 common neurological
conditions which are likely to affect ADLs
Neurological = stroke, Parkinson’s disease,
cerebral palsy, MS, paraplegia/tetraplegia,
traumatic brain injury, motor neurone disease
Name 3 common musculoskeletal
conditions which are likely to affect ADLs
Musculoskeletal = arthritis, back pain, neck
pain, plantat fasciitis, frozen shoulder,
tendinopathy, tennis elbow, fractures, sprains
etc.
Define:
Impairment
Any temporary or permanent loss or abnormality of a body structure or function whether physiological or psychological. (Eg. Amputated leg)
Define
Disability
Restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within a range considered normal mostly resulting from impairment (E.g. difficulty walking)
Define Handicap
A disadvantage for a given individual, resulting from an impairment or a disability that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a role that is normal for that individual
What is the role of occupational therapists?
Functional assessment
Goal setting
Occupational issues
Quality of life
What is a SMART goal? (mnemonic)
goals are usually used by allied health professionals such as occupational therapists/physiotherapists etc Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic Time specific
What global measures can be used to assess ADL?
Barthel Index
Functional assessment measure (used in the UK)
Self report questionnaires such as the Nottingham Health Profile
What kinds of things does the Barthel Index measure specifically?
It is out of 100, and each criteria has different points available based on how well the individual can carry out each criteria.
Criteria include: Feeding, bathing, grooming, dressing, bowels, bladder, toilet use, mobility, stairs, transfers from bed to chair etc.
How many working days are lost due to musculoskeletal disorders?
10 million working days equating to a cost of absence of £7Bn (Our aging population will increase this number in the years to come..)
How much do depression, anxiety and stress related health problems cost the NHS per year?
£28Bn
What psychosocial problems could contribute to back pain?
Fear, distress, worry, stress, anxieties, financial issues, concerns about relationship etc.
Why was the medical model detrimental to the
social status and wellbeing of disabled people in
previous years?
The medical model of disability emphasized what
was wrong/abnormal with the person and what
the person could not do. It resulted in separate
education, employment and living situations as
well as exclusion from society.
It had an impact on the language used when
talking about disabled people (‘confined to a
wheelchair/wheelchair bound)
In what decade did disabled rights movements
begin to develop?
1960s
What are some of the critiques of the medical
model?
It individualizes disability and does not account
for social barriers
If treatment of the illness is unsuccessful, the
doctor fills out forms to legitimize the illness as
a disability making it a part of their personal
identity
What does the social model of disability claim, in
regard to the reasons for the disadvantages that
disabled people face?
They do not face disadvantage as a result of their
physical or mental impairments but more likely
face these disadvantages as a result of the way our
society is organized.
This happens if society fails to make education,
work, leisure and public services accessible, fails
to remove barriers of assumption, stereotype and
prejudice and fails to outlaw unfair treatment in
our daily lives.
What aspects of society does the social model put
emphasis on?
Badly designed buildings, segregated
education, poverty and low income,
inaccessible transport, no lifts in certain place
Hypocrisy, lack of awareness, prejudiced and
patronising attitudes
Poor job prospects, lack of enablers such as
interpreters etc.
What are some criticisms of the social model?
It is an image of an idyllic society where
impairments cause individuals no problems at
all
Some argue that the model was developed for white middle class heterosexual men with spinal injuries and so it does not recognise the complexity of different disabled people’s lives
In 2000, WHO produced a document called ‘The
International Classification of Functioning,
Disability and Health’ (ICIDH-2). What did this do?
It showed that disability was a continuum and
people lie on different points of the continuum
It identified 3 factors that affected the disability:
the human body and its organs, the human
being as a whole and the social environment in
which they live
What did the Disability Discrimination Act
(DDA 1995) give disabled people?
Gave new rights to people who have had a
disability in order to make ADLs easier
What does the Equality Act (2010) define
‘disabled’ as?
If you have a physical or mental impairment
that has ‘substantial’ and ‘long term’ negative
effect on your ability to do normal daily
activities
What percentage of people in the world have had
moderate or severe disability?
15.3% - This number is increasing due to the aging
population
