Block 3 Flashcards
Name 3 reasons why GI complaints were very
common in the general population in the 1800s
Gluttony, copious amounts of meat and eating at a
late hour were all very fashionable amongst the
middle and upper class in the 1800s
Therefore lots of pills and cathartics etc were first made in
the 1800s
Explain what ‘lay diagnosis’ means
The expectation that people use ‘lay referral
networks’ (family, friends, NHS website) and self
care when they have a medical problem
advantages of lay referall
reduces pressures on GPs and reduces NHS
costs
disadvantages of lay referall
could delay diagnosis and therefore
treatment
Define ‘medicalisation’
The process of defining an increasing number of
life’s problems as medical ones
What type of people (gender/age/social class) are the biggest users of complementary and alternative care (CAM)?
Middle aged/elderly women from the lowest and
the highest income groups
In 2001, 10% of adults in Britain consulted one or more CAM
practioners
Name 3 positive reasons why people use CAM
perceived effectiveness and safety,
control over treatment, ‘high touch, low tech’,
good patient therapist relationship
non invasive
accessible
3 negative reasons
why people use CAM
dissatisfaction with conventional
health care waiting lists and adverse side effects,
poor doctor patient relationship
rejection of
conventional science
desperation
Name 5 consequences of poor doctor patient
communication
Low compliance with treatment, less trust in
doctor, inaccurate diagnosis, less recognition of
patients ICE, decreased patient satisfaction, more
complaints about the NHS
Define ‘prognosis’
Prognosis = an assessment of the future course
and outcome of a patient’s disease based on
knowledge of the course of disease in other
patients together with the general health, age and
sex of the patient
Define ‘diagnosis’
Diagnosis = the process of determining the nature
of a disorder by considering the patients signs and
symptoms, medical background and when
necessary the results of lab tests and x rays
What is the hypothetico-deductivo model and
how does it compare to the prospect theory?
Hypothetico-deductive model is a more simplistic model used by less experienced clinicians or with less familiar problems
It goes Cue acquisition → hypothesis formation → cue
interpretation → hypothesis evaluation
Prospect theory suggests that there are 2 steps in the
choice process:
Framing and editing
Phase of evaluation
Out of the following, which research studies have the
most and the least predictive power?
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses Randomised controlled double-blinded studies Cohort studies Case-control studies Case series Case reports Ideas, editorials, and opinions Animal research IV research
Define ‘consent’ and discuss the conditions for its
validity
Consent = the properly informed decision of a
competent patient, freely given
discuss the conditions for concents
validity
Valid only if:
Decision is voluntary
Patient is competent
Patient is fully informed of the consequences of
the decision
