Block 2 Flashcards
State the 6 principles of patient centered care
Explores the patients main reason for the visit, concerns and need for information
Seeks an integrated understanding of the patient’s world (their whole person, emotional needs and life issues)
Finds common ground on what the problem is and
mutually agrees on management
Enhances prevention and health promotion
Enhances the continuing relationship between the
patient and the doctor
Is realistic
What did the conventional medical model
assume?
That disease is fully accounted for by biological and physiological reasons. It left no room within its framework for the social, psychological and behavioural dimensions of an illness.
What does the mnemonic ‘FIFE’ stand for in relation to the social perspective of an illness?
Feelings about being ill
Ideas about their illness
impact on Function
Expectations of function
What are the 5 steps of the calgary-cambridge model?
Initiating the session (establishing rapport and identifying the reason for consultation)
Gathering information (biomedical and patient’s perspective with background information to put it in context)
Physical examination
Explanation and planning (providing information and aiding accurate recall and understanding, coming to a shared decision about management)
Closing the session (ensuring appropriate point of closure)
What are some of the things that you should ask
about a patient when trying to ‘understand the
whole person’ ?
Family
Finances
Education/work
Leisure
Social support
Culture
Lifestyle
What is autonomy?
Informing patients with capacity to make their
own decisions
Consequentialist – leads to better
consequences
Deontologist – morally right action
What is the difference between disease and
illness?
Disease: the broken part of the body, signs and
symptoms, abnormal tests
Illness: unique personal experience, ICEF
What is paternalism?
Interference with a person’s freedom of action or freedom of information, or the deliberate dissemination or misinformation, justified by reasons referring exclusively to the welfare of the
person
Giving patient treatments they do not want is now unacceptable
Paternalism is only acceptable in withholding information to avoid serious harm or when treating
infants and children
Doctor is not required to give a treatment is they consider such a treatment would provide no clinical benefit
Define epidemiology
The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in populations and the application of this study to the control of health problems
Give 5 examples of barriers to seeking help
Disruption of work
Lack of transport
Unable to travel distances
Bad previous experience
Psychological – do not want to believe they have condition
Define medical pluralism
Co-existence with a society of differentially designed and conceived medical traditions and systems
What triggers a visit to the doctor?
Interference with work or physical activity
Interference with social relations
Interpersonal crisis
Putting a time limit on symptoms
Sanctioning
What are the 4 different approaches to health
promotion?
Medical: focuses on disease and prevention
Behavioural: focuses on attitudes and lifestyles
Client-centered: focuses on empowering
individuals
Societal: focuses on political and social action
How can inequality be measured?
The ratio between the Lorenz Curve and a perfect distribution (straight line) is the Gini Coefficient
What did the Black Report 1980 find?
Overall health had improved since the
introduction of the welfare state, although
there were still widespread health inequalities
The main cause of these was economic
inequality
