Block 5 Flashcards
Describe the main classification of joints
Fibrous - joined by connective tissue, negligible movement e.g. skull sutures
Primary cartilaginous - no movement, bone meets hyaline cartilage e.g costocondral joints
Secondary cartilaginous - small degree of movement, hyaline and fibrocartilage e.g. pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs
Synovial - large degree of movement, joint capsule lined by synovial membrane and synovial fluid e.g. metacarpophalangeal joint
Name and give examples of the different synovial joints
Pivot - atlantoaxial joint Hinge - humeroulnar joint Saddle - 1st carpometacarpal joint Plane - intertarsal joint Condyloid - radiocarpal joint Ball and socket - hip joint
Name and give examples of the classification of skeletal muscle
Circular - orbicularis oris Convergent - pectoralis major Parallel (fusiform) - biceps brachii Parallel (non-fusiform) - sartorius Unipennate - extensor digitorium Bipennate - rectus femoris Multipennate - deltoid
Describe a cervical vertebrae
Small and wide body Large, triangular vertebral foramen Short transverse processes Bifid spinous process Transverse foramen (vertebral artery)
Describe a thoracic vertebrae
Round vertebral foramen
Costal Demi-facets on body
Spinous process pointing inferiorly
Describe a lumbar vertebrae
Large kidney shaped body
Short and thick spinous process
Describe the atlas (C1) and axis (C2)
Atlas is ring-like
Axis has the dens
What are the cerebral peduncles?
Connect the lines to the diencephalon and cerebrum
What are the cerebellar peduncles?
Connect the cerebellum to the posterior aspect of the brainstem
What structures form the tectum?
Superior and inferior colliculi
What the the anterior aspect of the midbrain called?
Tegmentum
What is the vermis?
Middle ridge of cerebellum
What is the termination of the spinal cord called and at what level?
Conus medullaris
L1
What level is the cervical enlargement of the spinal cord?
C4-T1
What level is the lumbosacral enlargement of the spinal cord?
L1-S3
