Block 3 Flashcards
Function of masseter?
Elevates mandible
Function of temporalis?
Elevates and retracts mandible
Function of medial and lateral pterygoid?
Lateral - protrudes and depresses mandible
Medial - protrudes and elevates mandible
Function of buccinator?
Prevents food accumulating between teeth and cheek
Innervation of muscles of mastication?
Mandibular nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve)
Innervation of buccinator?
Facial nerve
Innervation of intrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Hypoglossal nerve
Innervation of extrinsic muscles of tongue?
Mandibular nerve
Innervation of mandibular teeth?
Inferior alveolar nerve (branch of mandibular nerve)
Innervation of floor of oral cavity, submandibular and sublingual glands?
Lingual nerve (branch of mandibular nerve)
Special sensory innervation of tongue?
Chorda tympani
Innervation of hard and soft palate?
Maxillary nerve
Innervation of parotid gland?
Glossopharyngeal nerve
What muscle makes up the upper oesophageal sphincter (C6)?
Cricopharyngeal muscle
What muscle makes up the gastroesophageal sphincter (T10)?
Right crus of diaphragm
Name the branches of the coeliac trunk
Common hepatic artery
Splenic artery
Left gastric artery
Which 5 arteries anastomose around the stomach?
Left gastric Right gastric Right gastro-omental (gastroepiloic) Left gastro-omental (gastroepiloic) Short gastric
Which arteries supply the lesser curvature?
Left and right gastric
Which arteries supply the greater curvature?
Right and left gastro-omental
Which artery supplies the fundus of the stomach?
Short gastric
The right gastric artery is a branch of..
The common hepatic artery
Histology of mouth, pharynx, oesophagus and anal canal?
Stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium
Histology of gastro-oesophageal junction?
Simple columnar epithelium (stomach)
Stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium (oesophagus)
Name the abdominal muscles
Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis
What is the superficial fatty layer of fascia called?
Camper’s fascia
What is the rectus sheath?
Aponeurosis of external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis
What is the arcuate line?
Marks the point where the rectus abdominis penetrates the posterior layers of the rectus sheath. It is the point at which all aponeuroses move anterior to the rectus abdominis.
Which muscle is immediately deep to Camper’s and Scarpa’s fascia?
External oblique
Where do the inferior epigastric vessels enter the rectus sheath?
At the arcuate line
What is the inguinal ligament?
Lower border of the external oblique aponeurosis that extends between the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle
What is the contents of the inguinal canal?
Spermatic cord (males) Round ligament (females) Genitofemoral nerve Ilioinguinal nerve (only passes through the superficial ring)
Define the walls of the inguinal canal
Floor - inguinal ligament
Anterior - aponeurosis of external oblique and internal oblique laterally (superficial ring)
Roof - transversalis fascia, internal oblique and transversus abdominis
Posterior - transversalis fascia (deep ring)
Define mesentery
Double fold of peritoneum that anchors organs to posterior abdominal wall
Define paracolic gutters
Space between colon and abdominal wall
What is an intraperitoneal organ?
Covered by visceral peritoneum
What is an infraperitoneal organ?
Inferior to parietal peritoneum e.g. bladder
What is a retroperitoneal organ?
Posterior to the parietal peritoneum e.g. kidneys
Define omentum
Double layer of peritoneum that attaches the stomach and proximal duodenum to other organs
Name the 4 parts of the duodenum
Superior
Descending - major duodenal papilla (bile and pancreatic ducts)
Transverse/horizontal
Ascending - terminates at duodeno-jejunal junction
What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?
Midgut (duodenum, jejunum, ilium, caecum, appendix, ascending colon and proximal 2/3 transverse colon)
What structures are present in the jejunum lumen?
Plicae circulares
Does the jejunum have long or short vasa recta?
Long
Short arterial arcades
Does the ileum have long or short vasa recta?
Short
Long arterial arcades
More mesenteric fat
Where does the appendix attach?
Caecum
Name the parts of the large intestine
Ascending colon (retroperitoneal) Transverse colon (intraperitoneal) Descending colon (retroperitoneal) Sigmoid colon (intraperitoneal)
What are the longitudinal muscular bands called on the colon?
Teniae coli
What are the fatty appendages on the colon called?
Appendices epiploicae
What are the haustra coli?
Sacculations of large intestine
What are the plica semilunaris?
Folds of mucosa separating the haustra coli when viewed from the lumen
What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?
Hindgut (distal 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal)
What is the rectal ampulla?
Expanded portion of rectum
Rectum has no teniae coli, appendices epiploicae or haustra
Where does the anal canal begin?
At the terminal end of the rectal ampulla
What epithelia is below the pectinate line?
Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
What muscle is in the internal and external anal sphincters?
Internal - smooth muscle
External - skeletal muscle
Histology of small and large intestine?
Simple columnar epithelium
Histology of ano-rectal junction?
Simple columnar to stratified squamous non-keratinising
How is the common bile duct formed?
From the common hepatic duct and cystic duct
What vessels are in the porta hepatis?
Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic artery
Hepatic duct
The coronary ligaments meet to form…
The triangular ligaments
The falciform ligament attaches the liver to the…
Abdominal wall
The coronary ligament attaches the liver to the…
Diaphragm
What is the hepatorenal pouch (of Morrison)?
Space between the visceral surface of the liver and right kidney
Describe the biliary tree
Common hepatic duct + cystic duct = common bile duct (CBD)
CBD + pancreatic duct = ampulla of Vater (hepato-pancreatic ampulla)
Ampulla or Vater —> major duodenal papilla (enters into duodenum via relaxation of sphincter of Oddi)
