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Anatomy Year 1 > Block 3 > Flashcards

Block 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Function of masseter?

A

Elevates mandible

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2
Q

Function of temporalis?

A

Elevates and retracts mandible

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3
Q

Function of medial and lateral pterygoid?

A

Lateral - protrudes and depresses mandible

Medial - protrudes and elevates mandible

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4
Q

Function of buccinator?

A

Prevents food accumulating between teeth and cheek

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5
Q

Innervation of muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular nerve (branch of trigeminal nerve)

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6
Q

Innervation of buccinator?

A

Facial nerve

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7
Q

Innervation of intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal nerve

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8
Q

Innervation of extrinsic muscles of tongue?

A

Mandibular nerve

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9
Q

Innervation of mandibular teeth?

A

Inferior alveolar nerve (branch of mandibular nerve)

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10
Q

Innervation of floor of oral cavity, submandibular and sublingual glands?

A

Lingual nerve (branch of mandibular nerve)

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11
Q

Special sensory innervation of tongue?

A

Chorda tympani

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12
Q

Innervation of hard and soft palate?

A

Maxillary nerve

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13
Q

Innervation of parotid gland?

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

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14
Q

What muscle makes up the upper oesophageal sphincter (C6)?

A

Cricopharyngeal muscle

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15
Q

What muscle makes up the gastroesophageal sphincter (T10)?

A

Right crus of diaphragm

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16
Q

Name the branches of the coeliac trunk

A

Common hepatic artery
Splenic artery
Left gastric artery

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17
Q

Which 5 arteries anastomose around the stomach?

A 
Left gastric 
Right gastric 
Right gastro-omental (gastroepiloic) 
Left gastro-omental (gastroepiloic)
Short gastric
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18
Q

Which arteries supply the lesser curvature?

A

Left and right gastric

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19
Q

Which arteries supply the greater curvature?

A

Right and left gastro-omental

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20
Q

Which artery supplies the fundus of the stomach?

A

Short gastric

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21
Q

The right gastric artery is a branch of..

A

The common hepatic artery

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22
Q

Histology of mouth, pharynx, oesophagus and anal canal?

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium

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23
Q

Histology of gastro-oesophageal junction?

A

Simple columnar epithelium (stomach)

Stratified squamous non-keratinising epithelium (oesophagus)

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24
Q

Name the abdominal muscles

A

Rectus abdominis
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominis

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25
Q

What is the superficial fatty layer of fascia called?

A

Camper’s fascia

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26
Q

What is the rectus sheath?

A

Aponeurosis of external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis

27
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A

Marks the point where the rectus abdominis penetrates the posterior layers of the rectus sheath. It is the point at which all aponeuroses move anterior to the rectus abdominis.

28
Q

Which muscle is immediately deep to Camper’s and Scarpa’s fascia?

A

External oblique

29
Q

Where do the inferior epigastric vessels enter the rectus sheath?

A

At the arcuate line

30
Q

What is the inguinal ligament?

A

Lower border of the external oblique aponeurosis that extends between the anterior superior iliac spine and pubic tubercle

31
Q

What is the contents of the inguinal canal?

A 
Spermatic cord (males) 
Round ligament (females) 
Genitofemoral nerve 
Ilioinguinal nerve (only passes through the superficial ring)
32
Q

Define the walls of the inguinal canal

A

Floor - inguinal ligament
Anterior - aponeurosis of external oblique and internal oblique laterally (superficial ring)
Roof - transversalis fascia, internal oblique and transversus abdominis
Posterior - transversalis fascia (deep ring)

33
Q

Define mesentery

A

Double fold of peritoneum that anchors organs to posterior abdominal wall

34
Q

Define paracolic gutters

A

Space between colon and abdominal wall

35
Q

What is an intraperitoneal organ?

A

Covered by visceral peritoneum

36
Q

What is an infraperitoneal organ?

A

Inferior to parietal peritoneum e.g. bladder

37
Q

What is a retroperitoneal organ?

A

Posterior to the parietal peritoneum e.g. kidneys

38
Q

Define omentum

A

Double layer of peritoneum that attaches the stomach and proximal duodenum to other organs

39
Q

Name the 4 parts of the duodenum

A

Superior
Descending - major duodenal papilla (bile and pancreatic ducts)
Transverse/horizontal
Ascending - terminates at duodeno-jejunal junction

40
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

A

Midgut (duodenum, jejunum, ilium, caecum, appendix, ascending colon and proximal 2/3 transverse colon)

41
Q

What structures are present in the jejunum lumen?

A

Plicae circulares

42
Q

Does the jejunum have long or short vasa recta?

A

Long

Short arterial arcades

43
Q

Does the ileum have long or short vasa recta?

A

Short

Long arterial arcades

More mesenteric fat

44
Q

Where does the appendix attach?

A

Caecum

45
Q

Name the parts of the large intestine

A 
Ascending colon (retroperitoneal) 
Transverse colon (intraperitoneal) 
Descending colon (retroperitoneal) 
Sigmoid colon (intraperitoneal)
46
Q

What are the longitudinal muscular bands called on the colon?

A

Teniae coli

47
Q

What are the fatty appendages on the colon called?

A

Appendices epiploicae

48
Q

What are the haustra coli?

A

Sacculations of large intestine

49
Q

What are the plica semilunaris?

A

Folds of mucosa separating the haustra coli when viewed from the lumen

50
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

Hindgut (distal 1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and anal canal)

51
Q

What is the rectal ampulla?

A

Expanded portion of rectum

Rectum has no teniae coli, appendices epiploicae or haustra

52
Q

Where does the anal canal begin?

A

At the terminal end of the rectal ampulla

53
Q

What epithelia is below the pectinate line?

A

Non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

54
Q

What muscle is in the internal and external anal sphincters?

A

Internal - smooth muscle

External - skeletal muscle

55
Q

Histology of small and large intestine?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

56
Q

Histology of ano-rectal junction?

A

Simple columnar to stratified squamous non-keratinising

57
Q

How is the common bile duct formed?

A

From the common hepatic duct and cystic duct

58
Q

What vessels are in the porta hepatis?

A

Hepatic portal vein
Hepatic artery
Hepatic duct

59
Q

The coronary ligaments meet to form…

A

The triangular ligaments

60
Q

The falciform ligament attaches the liver to the…

A

Abdominal wall

61
Q

The coronary ligament attaches the liver to the…

A

Diaphragm

62
Q

What is the hepatorenal pouch (of Morrison)?

A

Space between the visceral surface of the liver and right kidney

63
Q

Describe the biliary tree

A

Common hepatic duct + cystic duct = common bile duct (CBD)

CBD + pancreatic duct = ampulla of Vater (hepato-pancreatic ampulla)

Ampulla or Vater —> major duodenal papilla (enters into duodenum via relaxation of sphincter of Oddi)

Anatomy Year 1 (6 decks)

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