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Anatomy Year 1 > Block 2 > Flashcards

Block 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Are the meatuses superior or inferior to their corresponding conchae?

A

Inferior

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2
Q

What is the posterior aperture of the nasal cavity?

A

Choanae

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3
Q

The auditory tube opens into the nasopharynx at the level of which meatus?

A

Inferior

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4
Q

Where is the spheno-ethmoidal recess located?

A

Between the superior conchae and roof of nasal cavity

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5
Q

Which sinuses drain into the middle meatus?

A

Frontal, ethmoidal and maxillary

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6
Q

Boundary of the laryngopharynx?

A

Epiglottis to cricoid cartilage

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7
Q

What level is the pharyngo-oesophageal junction?

A

C6

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8
Q

Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located?

A

Roof and posterior wall of nasopharynx

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9
Q

Where are the palatine tonsils located?

A

In the tonsillar fossae in between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal folds

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10
Q

What is the laryngeal inlet?

A

The opening of the larynx from the laryngopharynx. Piriform fossae lies lateral to it

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11
Q

Name the 3 unpaired cartilages of the larynx

A

Thyroid
Cricoid
Epiglottis

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12
Q

Rima glottidis?

A

Space between 2 vocal folds

Vocal folds are located inferior to vestibular folds

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13
Q

What happens to rima glottidis during phonation?

A

Closes due to adduction of arytenoid cartilages/vocal folds

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14
Q

Location of thyrohyoid membrane?

A

Between hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

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15
Q

Innervation of thyroid cartilage?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve

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16
Q

What type of cartilage is in the trachea?

A

Hyaline

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17
Q

What level is the tracheal bifurcation?

A

T4/5

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18
Q

Innervation of trachea?

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

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19
Q

What is the potential space called between the visceral and parietal pleura called?

A

Pleural cavity

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20
Q

The parietal pleura lines the thoracic cage and what else?

A

Diaphragm

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21
Q

Innervation of parietal pleura?

A

Phrenic and intercostal nerves

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22
Q

Autonomic innervation of visceral pleura?

A

Pulmonary plexus

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23
Q

How many lobes in left lung?

A

2 - superior and inferior

Right lung has 3 lobes - superior, middle and inferior

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24
Q

What is the space for the heart called in the left lung?

A

Cardiac notch

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25
Q

Name the fissure that separates the superior and middle lobes in the right lung

A

Horizontal/transverse fissure

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26
Q

Name the fissure that separates the middle and inferior lobes of the right lung

A

Oblique

Oblique fissure also separates the superior and inferior lobes of left lung

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27
Q

Which lung has the aortic impression?

A

Left

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28
Q

Where does the pulmonary artery lie in relation to the principle bronchus in the right lung?

A

Anterior

Right anterior, left superior

Pulmonary artery lies superior to bronchus in left lung

Pulmonary arteries are inferior

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29
Q

At what level is the mediastinum separates into superior and inferior parts?

A

T4/5

Separated by the transverse plane between the sternal angle and the intervertebral disc at T4/5

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30
Q

Describe the divisions of the inferior mediastinum

A

Anterior - sternum and costal cartilage to pericardium
Middle - pericardium
Posterior pericardium to thoracic vertebra T5-T12

31
Q

Does the phrenic nerve pass anterior or posterior to the hilum of the lung?

A

Anterior

Vagus nerve passes posterior

32
Q

Name the branches of the aortic arch

A

Brachiocephalic artery
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery

33
Q

Name the branches of the superior vena cava

A

Right brachiocephalic vein

Left brachiocephalic vein

34
Q

Describe the location of the subcarinal (tracheobronchial) lymph nodes

A

Surrounding the bifurcation of the trachea

35
Q

Describe the location of the thoracic duct

A

Posterior to oesophagus

Between the descending thoracic aorta and azygos vein

36
Q

What level is the caval hiatus?

A

T8

Contains the IVC

37
Q

What level is the oesophageal hiatus?

A

T10

Contains the oesophagus and anterior and posterior vagal trunks

38
Q

What level is the aortic hiatus?

A

T12

Contains the aorta, thoracic duct and azygos vein

39
Q

Innervation of diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5)

40
Q

Why is the 1st rib at typical?

A

Flatter and wider

Only 1 articulating surface with vertebrae (normally 2)

41
Q

What is the joint called between the ribs and costal cartilage?

A

Costochondral joint

42
Q

What is the joint called between the costal cartilage and sternum?

A

Sternocostal joint

43
Q

Why is quiet expiration considered passive?

A

Only uses diaphragm

Elastic recoil of ribs

44
Q

Describe the movement of the ribs during inspiration

A

Up and out

Superior and anterior movement of sternum
Elevation of lateral shaft of ribs

45
Q

Describe the movement of the ribs in expiration

A

In and down

46
Q

Name an accessory muscle of inspiration

A

Serratus anterior

47
Q

Name an accessory muscle of expiration

A

Rectus abdominis

48
Q

What are the 2 floating ribs and why are they called that?

A

Ribs 11 & 12

They don’t articulate with the sternum

49
Q

Describe the fibre orientation of external intercostal muscles

A

Inferoanteriorly

50
Q

Describe the orientation of internal intercostal muscle fibres

A

Inferoposteriorly

51
Q

Borders of the heart?

A

Right, inferior, apex, left, superior

52
Q

Surfaces of the heart?

A

Sternocostal, diaphragmatic, posterior (base)

53
Q

What vessel does the atrioventricular groove (coronary sinus) contain?

A

Right coronary artery

54
Q

Name the branches of the ascending aorta

A

Right and left coronary arteries

55
Q

What is the crista terminalis?

A

Separates the rough (musculi pectinati) and smooth portions of the right atrium

56
Q

The right atrium contains the coronary sinus, what is its function?

A

To drain deoxygenate blood from coronary circulation into the right atrium

57
Q

Name the oval depression in the interatrial septum of the right atrium

A

Fossa ovalis

58
Q

Which atrioventricular value is located in the right ventricle?

A

Tricuspid

59
Q

What are the chords and muscles in the right ventricle that contract to close the tricuspid valve called?

A

Chorda tendineae
Papillary muscles

The value opens due to increased pressure

60
Q

What are the rough and smooth portions of the right ventricle called?

A

Rough - trabeculae carnae

Smooth - infundibulum (outflow tract)

61
Q

What is the name of the atrioventricular valve in the left side of the heart?

A

Bicuspid/mitral

Chorda tendineae and papillary muscles contract to close valve

62
Q

Which vessels do arise from the aortic sinus?

A

Anterior aortic sinus - right coronary artery

Left posterior aortic sinus - left coronary artery

63
Q

Name the branches of the right coronary artery

A

Right marginal artery

Posterior interventricular artery

64
Q

Name the branches of the left coronary artery

A

Left anterior descending (LAD)
Left marginal artery
Left circumflex artery

65
Q

Level of abdominal aorta bifurcation?

A

L4

66
Q

Level of anastomosis of right and left common iliac veins?

A

L5

67
Q

Where does azygos vein drain into?

A

Superior vena cava

68
Q

Superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric and splenic veins drain into…

A

Hepatic portal vein to the liver

69
Q

Landmark of posterior tibial artery?

A

Behind medial malleolus

70
Q

Where is the carotid sinus located?

A

Internal carotid artery

71
Q

Level of common carotid artery bifurcation?

A

C4

72
Q

Is the cephalic vein medial or lateral?

A

Lateral (thumb)

Basilic vein is medial

73
Q

Is the great saphenous vein medial or lateral?

A

Medial

Lesser saphenous is lateral

Anatomy Year 1 (6 decks)

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