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Physiology Charter > Block 3 Resp > Flashcards

Block 3 Resp Flashcards

1
Q

The volume of air inhaled or exhaled with each normal breath

A

Tidal Volume (TV)

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2
Q

the volume of air that can be inhaled at the end of a normal tidal inspiration

A

Inspiratory Reserve volume (IRV)

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3
Q

the volume of air within the lungs that can be exhaled after the end of a tidal exhalation

A

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

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4
Q

the air remaining in the lungs after a maximal expiration (cannot be measured on spirometry and cannot be expelled)

A

Resdiual volume (RV)

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5
Q

The total volume of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a tidal exhalation

A

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)- cannot be measured by spirometry

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6
Q

the volume of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration

A

Total Lung Capacity (TLC) - cannot be measured by spirometry

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7
Q

the volume of air exhaled from maximal inspiration to maximal exhalation; maximum expiration, when done with force this volume is termed…

A 
Vital capacity (VC)
Force Vital capacity (FVC)
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8
Q

the volume of air exhaled in the first second of a FVC test

A

forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)

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9
Q

Obstructive Disorder

A

Expiratory flow rate is decreased, decrease FEV1 & FVC

FEV1/FVC ratio is low

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10
Q

Restrictive disorder

A

Lung inflation is decreased resulting in decreased FEV1 & FVC

FEV1/ FVC ratio is normal or increased

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11
Q

The Max amount of O2 that can be bound to hemoglobin

A

Oxygen Carrying Capacity

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12
Q

Ratio of quantity of O2 actually bound to the quantity of O2 that can be potentially bound. 98%

A

Oxygen saturation

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13
Q

Amount of O2 actually bound to hemoglobin + dissolved O2

A

Oxygen Content

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14
Q

Anemia

A

defined as a decreased the RBC mass

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15
Q

Once O2 is bound to Hb it becomes easier for the next O2 to bind

A

Cooperative Binding

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16
Q

Blood arriving at the lungs with O2 sat of 75%

A

Association (loading)

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17
Q

Blood arrives at tissue where O2 is needed

A

Dissociation (unloading)- steep curve

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18
Q

High affinity of O2

A

low P50

19
Q

Low affinity of O2

A

High P50

20
Q

What diseases have a rightward shift?

A

Chronic hypoxia, altitude, COPD, anemia (2, 3 BPG increase)

21
Q

What makes the curve shift leftward?

A

Carbon monoxide

22
Q

Carboxyhemoglobin

A

CO+Hb

23
Q

How is carbon dioxide transported?

A
  1. Bicarbonate
  2. Dissolved CO2
  3. Carbonate
  4. Carbonic acid
  5. Carbamino compound
24
Q

What enzyme accelerates carbon dioxide transport?

A

Carbonic anhydrase

25
Q

Haldane Effect

A

Higher PO2: down and to the right

-Allows blood to load more CO2 in the tissues and unload more CO2 in the lungs

26
Q

Chloride Shift

A

Exchange of chloride for bicarbonate in RBCs

27
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A
  • lower pH
  • decrease alveolar vent
  • hypoventilation
  • increase PAO2
28
Q

Cilia lining the airways beat the mucus covering them away from alveoli and toward the pharynx

A

Mucociliary escalator

29
Q

What type of cells secrete surfactant?

A

Type 2 alveolus (pneumocytes), increases compliance, reduces surface tension

30
Q

IRDS

A

Infant respiratory distress syndrome, low levels of surfactant in underdeveloped lungs –> ventilation failure

  • use of accessory muscles of respiration
  • cyanosis
  • hypoxia
  • tachy
  • poor gas exchange
31
Q

Mechanism for fall in pulmonary vascular resistance

A

Recruitment

32
Q

Widening of capillary segments due to high compliance

A

Distension

33
Q

Hypoventilation

A

Decrease alveolar ventilation, increased PaCO2

34
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Increased alveolar ventilation, decreased PaCO2

35
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Increased CO2 in blood

36
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal breathing

37
Q

Hypopnea

A

Decreased ventilation in response to lowered CO2 production

38
Q

Hyperpnea

A

Increased ventilation in response to increased metabolic CO2 production

39
Q

Tachypnea

A

increased frequency of breathing. Ventilation may or may not change depending on tidal volume

40
Q

Dyspnea

A

SOB

41
Q

Apnea

A

temporary cessation of breathing

42
Q

Inspiratory Center

A

DRG

43
Q

Intense inspiration

Expiration

A

VRG

44
Q

Depth and duration of inspiration

A

Pneumotaxic center (upper pons)

Physiology Charter (5 decks)

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