Block 2: Special Dietary Needs Flashcards
What is diet is used for HTN?
DASH
What are the components of DASH?
Dietary Approaches to Stop HTN- Sodium)
1. High fruits/Veggies
2. Low fat dairy
3. Fish
4. Poulty
5. Beans/Seeds/Nuts
6. Low sodium
7. Low sugar
8. Reduced red meats
What is celiac and what diet is required?
Chronic intestinal inflammation due to the intolerance of gluten (wheat, barley, rye)
Requires a gluten-free diets that at least contains <20 parts/million of gluten
What are some gluten containing foods?
- Wheat
- Rye
- Barley
- Malt
- Brewers yeast
- Pasta
- Bread
- Baked goods
- Soy sauce
- Processed lunches
What are medications that contain gluten?
- Starch
- Pre-gelatinized starch
- Sodium starch glycolate
- Wheat starch
What are natural gluten-free food groups?
Fruits
Vegetables
Meat and poultry
Fish and seafood
Dairy
Beans, legumes, and nuts
What are gluten free grains?
Rice
Corn
Soy
Potato
Quinoa
Flax
Chia
Gluten-free oats
What are the stages of a bariatric diet?
Stage 1: post-op days 1-2
* Clear liquid
Stage 2: Days 3-10
* Full liquid
Stage 3: Days 10-6 weeks
* Days 10-14: pureed food, advanced to soft solid diet
* Days 10-6 weeks: Advance diet in amount and texture
Stage 4: 6-8 weeks
* Healthy solid food
What are examples of clear liquid?
- Water
- Broth
- Apple, cranberry, grape juice
- Flavored water
- Fruit punch
- Tea
- Sports drinks
What are examples of full liquids?
- Soup strained or blended
- Milk
- Smoothies
- Tomato juice
- Vegetable juice
- Frozen yogurt
- Gelatin
- Ice cream
What food do you avoid after bariatric?
- Empty calories
- Alcohol
- Dry food early on
- Bread, rice, pasta early on
- High fat foods make patient nauseous
- Sugary and highly caffenated drinks
Why is bariatric surgery more susceptible to micronutrients?
Malabsorption due to alteration in digestive anatomy:
1. ADEK
2. B1, B12, Folate
3. Calcium
4. Iron
What does a general bariatric diet look like?
- Drink six 8 oz cups of plain water per day > 30 minutes before or after a meal
- Eat protein food first (60-80 g/d), then carbs
- Chew food to pureed consistency
- No white bread
- No fried or breaded foods
- Straws can create an air bubble stretch in pouch
When do you begin micronutrient management?
Vitamin supplementation on day 8
What is the main bariatric complication?
- Vitamin deficiency
- Stomal stenosis
- Dehydration
- Decreased appetite
- N/V
- Dysguesia
- Constipation
- Increased gas
- Lactose intolerance
- Hair loss
What is the dumping syndrome?
- Sugar moves from the stomach to the small intestine too quickly
- Hyperosmolality rapidly shifts food from plasma into the bowel, resulting in hypotension and a sympathetic nervous system response
What are the sx of dumping syndrome?
- Bloating
- N/V
- Abdominal cramps
- Diarrhea
- Flushing
- DZ
Prevention includes eating smaller meals with high fubers and limiting high simple-sugars, chew well
What does a mediteranean diet consist of?
- High veggies, fruit, whole grains, beans, nuts, and olive oil
- Weekly intake of fish, poulty, beans, eggs
- Moderate portions of dairy
- Limited intake of red meat
What diet is used as primary prevention of CVD?
Mediterranean w/ EVOO
List the types of vegetarians?
Lacto: Allows only dairy
Ovo: Allows only eggs
Lacto-ovo: Allows only eggs and dairy
Pescatarian: Allows only fish
Vegan: Excludes meat, poulty, fish, eggs, and dairy
What are common nutrient defs seen in vegetarian diets?
- Calcium and vit D
- Vit B12 in animal products
- Protein
- Omega 3
- Iron and zinc
What are the types of FAD diets?
- Detox
- Keto
- Intermittent fasting
What is a detox diet?
- unprocessed foods
- Avoiding sugar, caffeine, and alcohol
