Block 2: Special Dietary Needs Flashcards
What is diet is used for HTN?
DASH
What are the components of DASH?
Dietary Approaches to Stop HTN- Sodium)
1. High fruits/Veggies
2. Low fat dairy
3. Fish
4. Poulty
5. Beans/Seeds/Nuts
6. Low sodium
7. Low sugar
8. Reduced red meats
What is celiac and what diet is required?
Chronic intestinal inflammation due to the intolerance of gluten (wheat, barley, rye)
Requires a gluten-free diets that at least contains <20 parts/million of gluten
What are some gluten containing foods?
- Wheat
- Rye
- Barley
- Malt
- Brewers yeast
- Pasta
- Bread
- Baked goods
- Soy sauce
- Processed lunches
What are medications that contain gluten?
- Starch
- Pre-gelatinized starch
- Sodium starch glycolate
- Wheat starch
What are natural gluten-free food groups?
Fruits
Vegetables
Meat and poultry
Fish and seafood
Dairy
Beans, legumes, and nuts
What are gluten free grains?
Rice
Corn
Soy
Potato
Quinoa
Flax
Chia
Gluten-free oats
What are the stages of a bariatric diet?
Stage 1: post-op days 1-2
* Clear liquid
Stage 2: Days 3-10
* Full liquid
Stage 3: Days 10-6 weeks
* Days 10-14: pureed food, advanced to soft solid diet
* Days 10-6 weeks: Advance diet in amount and texture
Stage 4: 6-8 weeks
* Healthy solid food
What are examples of clear liquid?
- Water
- Broth
- Apple, cranberry, grape juice
- Flavored water
- Fruit punch
- Tea
- Sports drinks
What are examples of full liquids?
- Soup strained or blended
- Milk
- Smoothies
- Tomato juice
- Vegetable juice
- Frozen yogurt
- Gelatin
- Ice cream
What food do you avoid after bariatric?
- Empty calories
- Alcohol
- Dry food early on
- Bread, rice, pasta early on
- High fat foods make patient nauseous
- Sugary and highly caffenated drinks
Why is bariatric surgery more susceptible to micronutrients?
Malabsorption due to alteration in digestive anatomy:
1. ADEK
2. B1, B12, Folate
3. Calcium
4. Iron
What does a general bariatric diet look like?
- Drink six 8 oz cups of plain water per day > 30 minutes before or after a meal
- Eat protein food first (60-80 g/d), then carbs
- Chew food to pureed consistency
- No white bread
- No fried or breaded foods
- Straws can create an air bubble stretch in pouch
When do you begin micronutrient management?
Vitamin supplementation on day 8
What is the main bariatric complication?
- Vitamin deficiency
- Stomal stenosis
- Dehydration
- Decreased appetite
- N/V
- Dysguesia
- Constipation
- Increased gas
- Lactose intolerance
- Hair loss
What is the dumping syndrome?
- Sugar moves from the stomach to the small intestine too quickly
- Hyperosmolality rapidly shifts food from plasma into the bowel, resulting in hypotension and a sympathetic nervous system response
What are the sx of dumping syndrome?
- Bloating
- N/V
- Abdominal cramps
- Diarrhea
- Flushing
- DZ
Prevention includes eating smaller meals with high fubers and limiting high simple-sugars, chew well
What does a mediteranean diet consist of?
- High veggies, fruit, whole grains, beans, nuts, and olive oil
- Weekly intake of fish, poulty, beans, eggs
- Moderate portions of dairy
- Limited intake of red meat
What diet is used as primary prevention of CVD?
Mediterranean w/ EVOO
List the types of vegetarians?
Lacto: Allows only dairy
Ovo: Allows only eggs
Lacto-ovo: Allows only eggs and dairy
Pescatarian: Allows only fish
Vegan: Excludes meat, poulty, fish, eggs, and dairy
What are common nutrient defs seen in vegetarian diets?
- Calcium and vit D
- Vit B12 in animal products
- Protein
- Omega 3
- Iron and zinc
What are the types of FAD diets?
- Detox
- Keto
- Intermittent fasting
What is a detox diet?
- unprocessed foods
- Avoiding sugar, caffeine, and alcohol
How can you support body’s natural detox?
- Hydration
- Dietary fiber
- Lean protein
- Taking multivitamin to fill any gaps in diet
What is a ketogenic diet?
High fat, moderate protein, low carb eating pattern
CI of ketogenic diets?
- Pancreatic disease
- Liver condition
- Thyroid problems
- Eating disorders
- Gallbladder disease
What disease state would benefit for practicing keto?
Pateints with seizures refractory to multiple AEDs
What is intermittent fasting?
- Cyclinng between fasting and eating
- When to eat
16/8 method: fast for 24 hr once or twice a week
Eat-Stop-Eat: Fast for 24 hours once or twice a week
The 5:2 method: Consume 500-600 calories on two non-consecutive days, but eat normally the other 5 days
Dx states that would benefit with intermittent fasting?
Men with prediabetes
What is the nutritional goal for T2DM?
Promote and support healthful eating patterns to improve overall health
What are the ADA diet recommendations for T2DM?
- Weight loss >5% in overweight or obese patient with T2DM
- Reduce overall carb intake compared to normal diet
- Nonstarchy choice of carbs
- Avoid carbs with high glycemic index including potato, rice, refined carbs
What is carb counting? Who is it indicated for?
Reviewind total amount of carbs is more important than source of carbs
T1DM
What are the ADA rec for counting carbs?
- Check serving size
- Total servings
- Total carbs
- Choose foods with more fiber, vitamins, and minerals
- Choose foods with lower calories, saturated fat, sodium, and added sugars. Avoid trans fats
- Determine serving size
- Determine number of carbs
- Determine number of calories
How much is within a one carb choice?
15g of carbs:
1 slice of bread
½ cup pasta
1 small potato
½ cup legumes
½ cup cereal
1 fruit
1 cup yogurt
1 cup milk
