Block 2

Question 1

organisation

Answer 1

Where technology is located to form the IT system, and how activities are organised.

Question 2

participation

Answer 2

Involvement of users at each stage of systems design – Technical and organisational aspects.

Question 3

emancipatory

Answer 3

An approach to systems development helping to overcome human well-being constraints (physical, psychological, social conditions or forces).

Question 4

critical

Answer 4

Approaches looking at issues of power and provide tools to reshape society and put power in the hands of the disadvantaged.

Question 5

agency

Answer 5

Capacity for action to human beings on a common-sense basis.

Question 6

captology (CAPT)

Answer 6

Computers As Persuasive Technologies; Refers to the study of computers as persuasive technologies.

Question 7

persuasive technology

Answer 7

Technologies designed to change people’s attitudes and behaviours.

Question 8

method

Answer 8

A particular procedure for accomplishing or approaching something.

Question 9

methodology

Answer 9

The study of methods involving the analysis and assessment of methods to select appropriate methods to achieve planning success.

Question 10

IS methodology

Answer 10

The study of the methods by which IS projects of all kinds are accomplished.

Question 11

waterfall

Answer 11

Comprising of several stages: Feasibility study, system investigation, system analysis, system design,implementation, and review and maintenance. Each stage in sequence.

Question 12

Operational Research

Answer 12

A method of approach whereby looking at the whole system first and considering whether altering the factors directly involved in the problem posed will affect other parts of the system.

Question 13

Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

Answer 13

A procedural interpretation of the logical stages considered necessary to ensure a successful IS innovation. (Another label for Waterfall Cycle).

Question 14

Soft Systems Methodology (SSM)

Answer 14

An approach to organisational process modelling and can be used for both general problem solving and in the management of change. Used in situations whereby the actual problem to be addressed cannot be agreed upon but the decision makers will arrive at accommodations over what kind of changes are to be made.

Question 15

SCRUM

Answer 15

A presentation of AGILE - A lightweight framework designed to help small close-knit teams of people to develop complex products.

Question 16

multi method (Multi methodology)

Answer 16

To utilise more than one methodology or part thereof, from different paradigms, within a single invention.

Question 17

agile

Answer 17

Like MV3 whereby the focus of analysis and design is on the needs of users, but the user group is expected to consist of specialist IS developers.

Question 18

dependability

Answer 18

A quality of being able to be counted on or relied upon (it can be considered in terms of reliability, availability, safety, security and maintainability).

Question 19

reliability

Answer 19

The probability over a given time that a system will continue to function correctly as required by the user. Trustworthy and consistently performing well.

Question 20

availability

Answer 20

The probability that at any given time the system will be functioning correctly or able to be used as intended.

Question 21

safety

Answer 21

A judgement of how likely the system will cause damage to people, property of the environment.

Question 22

security

Answer 22

A judgement of the resilience of the system to accidents or deliberate attempts to cause malfunction.

Question 23

maintainability

Answer 23

Maintainability is a measure or a judgement of how easy it is to keep the system in good working order.

Question 24

redundancy

Answer 24

Additional spare capacity that can be used in the event of failure (or part failure).

Question 25

diversity

Answer 25

In system hardware context means the use of non-identical components from different manufacturers to reduce probabilities of failure.

Question 26

panopticon

Answer 26

An environment where everyone fears they are being watched and modify behaviour accordingly.

Question 27

privacy

Answer 27

A state or condition of being free from being observed or disturbed by other people.

Question 28

metadata

Answer 28

Data about communications, rather than the content of communications.

Question 29

privacy paradox

Answer 29

Saying “I care about by my privacy”, but still use commercial services on the internet with a great deal of caution.

Question 30

fact

Answer 30

Something that we believe to be objectively true, and agreed upon by all reasonable people (What is…).

Question 31

value

Answer 31

Something we believe to be ‘good’ or ‘bad’ (What ought to be…)

Question 32

professions

Answer 32

An occupation that requires a certain level of training, knowledge, ethical behaviour, legal/professional body regulation and compliance with codes of conduct.

Question 33

professionalism

Answer 33

Having the competence or skills expected of someone who is deemed a professional in his/her field of expertise.

Question 34

professional bodies

Answer 34

Groups of people entrusted with maintaining control/oversight of the legitimate practice of professionals and to safe guard public interest in relation to their services.

Question 35

jurisdiction

Answer 35

Geographical area over which a law can be enforced.

Question 36

consequentialist ethics

Answer 36

A consequentialist view of ethics emphasises ‘ends’ over ‘means’. Morality being about producing the right kinds of overall consequences.

Question 37

non-consequentialist ethics

Answer 37

Concerned with the duties and rules that govern ethical behaviour rather than the consequences of a course of action.

Question 38

virtue ethics

Answer 38

Emphasises the moral character of the actor. Character traits that impel people to act wisely, justly, temperately and with fortitude are said to be virtuous.

Question 39

computer ethics

Answer 39

Defining ethics raised by Information and Communication Technology and how they can be a new species of old problems due to how ICT has changed the landscape of communications and its borders.

Question 40

corporate social responsibility (CSR)

Answer 40

Management concept to enable businesses to incorporate social and environmental concerns into business operations and stakeholder interaction.

Question 41

professional codes

Answer 41

Official rules outlining behaviour related to ethics, conduct and practice.

Question 42

normative ethics

Answer 42

Where we arrive at moral standards that regulate right and wrong based on the golden rule: Do to others what we would want others to do to us.

Question 43

Whistle-blowing

Answer 43

Exposing misconduct or alleged dishonesty, or illegal activity occurring within organisations. Can made internally (colleagues/management) or externally (regulators/law enforcement agencies).