Block 2 Flashcards
Trichoptera (Caddisflies)
Horse ingest on Dicosmeocus gilvips
Potomac Hose Fever (Neorickettsia risticii)
Avoid Aquatic Habitats
IV tetracycline
Culicidae (Mosquitoes)
Eggs on stagnant water
Larvae are air breathers
Culex, Aedes, Anopheles host (canine heartworm)
Anopheles host for Plasmodium
Viral encephalitis, West Nile, Rift Valley Fever
Simuliddae (Black Flies)
Running Water and multivoltine Lacerates tissue nor piercing Leucocytozoonosis in poultry Onchocerca volvulus (River Blindness) Stable live stock until sundown (Short antennae and short moutparts)
Ceratopognidae (Biting Midges)
Any form of water and decaying vegetation
Nocturnal
Culicoides robertsi (Hypersensitivity, Sweat itch), Blue Tongue, African Horse Sickness
Stable affected horses nightly
(long antennae and short mouth part)
Psychodidae (True Sand Flies)
Eggs in Cracks (darkness and humidity)
Phlebotomos (tropical areas)
Leishmania (Dog) and Bartonella bacilliformies (Humans)
(wings radiate in straight line from base to top)
Tababidae (Horseflies and Deerflies)
Female suck blood
Breed near water at different stages
Annoyance
Anthrax, Deer fly, fever, anemia
Loa Loa and Trypansoma, anaplasomis, and pasteurellosis
Stable (they do not fly indoors)
(three larval instars, mouth armed with hooks at the top and spiracles)
Musca domestica (House Fly)
Lay eggs on decaying organic material
Decay, secretions around eyes, nostril, and wounds by tabanids
Nematode parasites of the stomach of the horse (Draschia megastoma and Habronema muscae)
Musca autumnalis (face fly)
Feeds on ocular and nasal discharges and frsh cattle dung
Bovine keratoconjunctivies (Moraxella bovis)
Thelazia infect conjunctival sacs
Wasps larvae kill the maggots
Residual activity
Stomaoxys calcitrans (Stable Fly)
Fly into stables Both sexes feed Decay Organic material Painful bite, increase head/ear movement Habronema microstoma (parasite of the stomach horse) (long proboscis - bite)
Haematobia irritans (Horn Flies)
Back of cattle move to the ventral abd. raining and hot days
Eggs on cow dung
Two week
Impair milk production and weight gains
Stephanofilaria stilesi (dermatitis in cattle abd)
Glossina (Tsetese)
All three larval stages feed on fluids from the uterine gland
Imp. Human and animal health
Trypanosomiasis (African Sleeping Sickness)
Nagana of domestic Animals
Education
Hydrate (Head Fly)
Non biting Decay vegetation or feces Mastitis Corynebacterium Streptococcus
Hippobosciade (Keds)
- Melophagus ovinus
Irritation caused by adults lead to damage fleece
Trypanosoma melophagium
Entire life on the host
Hippobosciade (Keds)
- Lipoptena Cavi
North American White-tailed deer and wapiti
Most of yr, pupate and fall to the ground, new host
- Wings break off to feed
Sacrophagidae (Flesh Flies)
Ovoviviparous
Spiracles
Sarcophage and Wohlfahrtia cause Myiasis
Pathogens
Calliphoridae (Blow Flies)
Brilliant metallic blue, green, or black)
- flies strike because they blow (deposit) their eggs or larvae in meat
American screwworm fly Cochliomyia hominivorax lay eggs uninfected wounds
Mysis of man and animal
Wool Strike
Phaenicia sericata and Phormia regina surgical maggots
Bot Flies
Highly host specific
Adults do not feed (vestigial mouthparts)
Oestrus Ovis (Sheep nasal fly)
Honey bee
Larvae deposited in sheep nostril crawls into Mucus membrane
Larvipost in eyes
Dichlorovos or Fenthion
Hypderma bovis and Hypoderma lineatum (Heel flies)
No mouth parts for biting
H lineatum larvae are found in the esophagus migrate to the back and cut breathing hole
H Bovis in spinal cord than migrate
Larvae occasionally invade horses, migrating to the brain causing fatal neurological disease
Gasterophilus
G. nasalis ( gum line and duodenum)
G. itestinalis (tongue and stomach)
Stomach rupture, subserosal abscess, splenic, ulceration
Eggs removed from the haircoat with special fine tooth comb
Cuterebra
Eggs lay along rabbit runs and rodent burrow
Larvae found in Subcut.Con. T of dogs and cats
Dermatobia
Female use another fly to carry eggs
Larva emerges through breathing hole to pulpate
Anoplura (Blood Sucking Lice)
Parasites of placental animals only (periceing mouth parts)
Import. Factor in determining host specificity is the shape and size of the claws that enable the louse to cling to the hair of the host
Linognathus vituli
First pair of claws are shorter and spiracles are flush with the surface of the abdomen
Pthirus pubis (The Human crab louse)
Large claws, hair of the public, facial hair
Popular dermatitis with discoloration of skin
Pthirus humanus capitis (Human head louse
Pediculus h. humanus clings to the fiber cloth Tramist typhus (Rickettsia prowazekii)
Mallophaga or chewing lice
Feed on epidermal scales, feathers, and sebaceous secretions of birds and mammals
Tiny replicates of the adults
Amblycera
Parasites of birds, guinea pig and only one species of dig
Menopon sp. of chicken
Stout mandible
Rhynchophthirina (Biting louse)
Haematomyzus elephants
MALLOPHAGEAN = Trichodectes canis (Feeds on the skin dandruff and secretion)
ANOPLURAN = Linognathus setosus (Capillary Blood Feeder)
Siphonaptera (Fleas)
Plague (Yersinia pestis), murine typhus (Ricketssia typhi), rabbit myxomatosis virus, and felineparvovirus
Intermediate host of tapeworm Dipylidium caninum (chewing mouthparts) and Dipetalonema reconditum
Reduviidae (Assassin Bugs and Kissing or Cone Nose Bugs)
Hide in crevices by day and attack their sleeping host at night
Triatoma protracta a vector of Trypanosoma
Cimicidae (Bed Bugs)
Nocturnal
No disease transmission
Blattaria (Cockroaches)
Filth-borne disease of humans
IH of Spirura, Oxyspirura, amd Gongyloneme
Coleoptera (Beeltes)
Epicauta (Blister beetles) toxic to horses by releasing cantharidin in Alfaalfa hay
Aethina tumida
Attack hives of honeybees
Metastigmata (Ticks)
Blood sucking parasites
Toxicosis, wound, worry, and blood loss, tick paralysis
Argas (Soft Tick)
Rarely found on the host (cracks and crannies of the hen house)
Egg clutch is laid after a blood meal
Fowl spirochetosis (Borrelia anserine) via fecal contamination and transmit the spirochetes to their offspring via ovaries (transoviral transmission)
- Rickettsial agent (Aegyptianella pullorum) to chicken and geese
-Argas persicus = flaccid paralysis of young chicken
Orinthodoros (Soft Tick)
Found in cracks and crannies of avian roost and nests, rodent burrows and resting
Larvae do not feed
- Survive unfed
Ornithodoros coriaceus attacks deer and cattle from the soil of their bedding areas
Relapsing fever spirochetes (Borrelia recurrentis) of humans
Otobius megnini (Soft Tick)
The spinose ear tick, parasitize the ear canal of cattle
- Adults have vestigial hypostomes and do not feed
- larvae can survive unfed for two months
Ixodidae (hard tick)
- Live in fields or scrub areas where they await passing host
- Have a shield or scutum that cover the entire dorsal surface of the male but only part of the dorsal surface of the female (Rhipicephalus)
-Larvae, nymphs, and adults feed only once
Transovarial Transmission (Babesia bigemia)
One Host ticks as a vector (Boophilus)
Bovine piroplasmosis, louping ill
Lyme Disease
Ixodes dammini
Three host tick
Feed on mice and voles as larva and nymph and on deer as adult
Microtine piroplasmosis (Babesia microti)
Lyme disease (Borrelia bugdorferi)
Human granualocytic ehrlichiosis
- White-footed mouse, Permyscus leucopus, is the reservoir host for Borrelia burgdorferi and a larvae for Ixodes dammini
White tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, serve as a host to the adult tick
Haemaphysalis
Babesia and Anaplasma
Rhipicephalus (Brown Dog Tick) Sanguineus
Feed on dogs
Tropical and Warmer species
Unfed adults may survive for well over a year
Rhipicephalus annulatus
One host
Transovarial vector of bovine piroplasmosis
Reported to authorities, transmit bovine piroplasmosis, B. bigemina
Dermacentor Variabilis (American Dog Tick)
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia rickettsi) and tularemia (Francisella tularensis)
Dermacentor Andersoni (Rocky Mountain Wood Tick)
Several years
Rocky Moutain spotted fever, tularemia, Colorado tick fever, and Q fever and causes tick paralysis
Dermacentor Nitens (Tropical Horse Tick)
External Ear Canals Equine piroplasmosis (Babesia caballi)
Dermacentor Albipictus
Deer, elk, Mouse
Hair loss and fat reduction
Amblyomma
Tick Fever
Rocky Mountain spotted Fever
Tick Paralysis:
- Ehrlichia chaffeensis
- Ehrlichia ewingi
African species of Amblyomma transmit heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium) of cattleDermanyssus
Eggs deposited on the diurnal hiding places
Six-legged non-feeding larva
Chicken
Amt. of blood sucked can kill nestlings and reduce egg production
Role unclear
Liponyssoides sanguineus (House Mouse)
Rickettsial Pox (Rickettsia akari) of humans
Ornithonyssus
Black or Red gut
Chelicerae are stouter
O. bacoti and Liponyssoides
Rodents, they attack humans in absence of the normal hosts
O. Sylviarum
Northern fowl mite
O. bursa
Tropical Fowl Mite
O. bacoti
Tropical Rat Mite
Pest in Lab rodent stock
Intermediate host for Litomosoides carinii, (cotton rat)
O. spp
Remain for long period on the hose (blood loss)
Ophionyssus natricis
Snake mite
Lifting of the scales
Raillietia auris
Parasite of the ears of cattle, causes ulceration and blockage of the auditory canal by pus, resulting in hearing loss
Horner’s Syndrome
Ivermectin Does not work
Pneumonyssis simicola
Lung parenchyma of most Macaca mulatta monkey
Causes lesions mistaken as TB
Separate Monkeys
Pneumonyssoides Caninum (Dogs)
Chronic Sneezing
Subcutaneous adm. Ivermectin
Rhinonyssidae
Sternostome tracheacolum
Canaries domestic birds
No clinical symptoms or Chronic Respiratory
Moistening or parting the feathers in the neck region – (mites appear as shadowy spots in the trachea)
Varroa Jacobsoni (parasite of the Honey bee)
Colony Collapse
They suck hemolymph from adult bees and the brood
Female sealed in brood capsule with the larvae bees
Sarcoptes Scabiei
Cause mange or scabies
Selamectin, Ivermectin
Notoedres
Sm. Sacroptes
Notoedres cati: Face mange of the cats
Lime sulfur
Knemidokoptes mutans
Scaly leg in birds
Psoroptidae
Psoroptes ovis causes mange remains at the base of the hairs does not burrow in the epidermis
Psoroptes Cuniculis causes ear canker in rabbits
Chorioptes bovis
Asymptomatic Infestation is more common that obvious dermatitis and causes deterioration of semen quality
Eprinomectin for lactating diary cattle
Felicole subrostratus
The only louse found on cats
An infestation of lice is called pediculosis
Ctenocephallides
C. felis and C. canis are parasites of many domestic and wild mammals have genal and pronotal combs
Cediopsylla
Rabbit Flea
Echinophaga
of the poultry (heads, eyelids, ear canal of dogs, cats, no combs
Xenopsylla
a rat flea and biological vector of plague (Yersinia pesitis) and typhus (Ricketssia typhi) Vertical rod on the mesothorax distinguish them from the human flea
Pulex irritans
the humans flea
Order Siphonaptera (Flea) Treatment
Lufenuron - inhibitor
Fipronil - block the passage of chloride ions of GABA
Imidacloprid - blocks nicotinic acetlycholine
Characteristics of a Tick and Mite
Head, thorax and abdomen are fused. No antennae and no mandbiles. Mouth parts (palps, chelicerae and hypostome) + basic capituli form a capitulim or gnathosome
Ixodes holocyclus
Australia is the most virulent tick paralysis producer known
Ixodes pacificus
tick paralysis in North America
Ixodes
are vector of lyme disease in North America
Tick paralysis
ascending paralysis caused by absorption of toxins from saliva of the female tick
Blood Loss
“Tick worry” which is loss of blood, pain and swelling, secondary infection, myiasis and absorption of toxins lead to ill thrift of animal
Cryptostigmata
Oribatid Mites
Demodex
They live in the hair follicles and sebaceous glands of mammals. They cause disease in immunodeficiency animals
Demodex foliculorum and D. brevis
Human face
Cheytletiellidae
“walking dandruff”
Myobiidae
Causes dermatitis in stocks of laboratory rodents
Harpyrhynchidae
cause mangelike conditions in birds
Trombiculidae
Larvae Chiggers
Pyemotidae
Hay itch mites
Acarapis woodi
Tracheal mite of honey bee
Plentastomida (Linguatula serrata)
Occurs in the nasal and paranasal sinuses of dogs and cats (causes bleeding, inflammation and respiration problems)
Crustacea
IH of both cestodes and nematodes
Shrimp shapes
