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325 > Block 19 > Flashcards

Block 19 Flashcards

0
Q

What is Vso?

A

55 kts

Bottom of white arc

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1
Q

What is FAR 23.1545 in relation to requirements of an airspeed indicator?

A

The airspeed indicator must be marked for various important speeds and ranges

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2
Q

What is the definition of Vmc?

A

Minimum control speed with the critical engine inoperative.

It is a controllability speed

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3
Q

What is Vmc?

A

56 kts

Red radial line on lower end of indicator

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4
Q

What is Vs?

A

57

Lower part of green arc

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5
Q

What is Vsse?

A

Intentional one engine inoperative speed
Cannot fail more engine below this
82

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6
Q

What is Vx?

A

82 kts

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7
Q

What is Vy?

A

Gear up 88
Gear down 78
Use gear down if gear failed to retract or go arounds

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8
Q

What is Vxse?

A

82 kts

One engine inop

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9
Q

What is Vyse?

A

88kts

One engine inop

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10
Q

What is Vlo retract?

A

109 kts
Do not want to over stress the hydraulic pump
Can be an issue on recovery from emergency descents and go arounds after instrument approaches

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11
Q

What is Vlo extend?

A

140 kts
Above this speed could cause damage to gear door
From practical standpoint may ignore in emergency

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12
Q

What is Vfe?

A

111 kts

High speed end of white arc

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13
Q

What is Va?

A

Maximum velocity at which sudden or full control inputs can be made.

3800 lbs 135 kts
2700 lbs 112 kts

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14
Q

What is a Vno?

A

Max structural cruising speed
169 kts
High speed end of green arc

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15
Q

What is Vne?

A

202 kts

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16
Q

What is Vr?

A

Should not exceed Vmca x1.05
75 kts in normal takeoff
Must accelerate to V2 at 35 ft height at end of runway

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17
Q

What is Vlof?

A

Speed at which a/c first becomes airborne
Should be at least Vmca +5 kts
75-77 kts

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18
Q

What is V1 decision speed?

A

Engine failure below this speed shall about takeoff

Above this speed the takeoff should be continued

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19
Q

What is V2?

A

Takeoff safety speed
Approximately the best 1 engine operative angle of climb speed
Should be maintained until 1000 ft AGL

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20
Q

Where is thrust directed in a multi engine vs. single engine aircraft?

A

Single engine direct along centerline

Multi engine it is alone each engine creating drag, turning tendencies etc. in SEO

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21
Q

What is dynamic coupling?

A

A yaw will cause you to also roll

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22
Q

Why can you not cut power on short final?

A

Engines are causing induced airflow which increases lift.

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23
Q

What is a conventional twin?

A

Both propellers are spinning clockwise.

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24
Q

Which engine is critical in a conventional twin?

A

Left, due to increased arm on right engine from p-factor

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25
Q

What is torque?

A

Aircraft wants to spins in direction opposite the propellers

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26
Q

Is there torque in counter rotating twin?

A

No

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27
Q

What is multi engine service ceiling?

A

Maximum density altitude where best rate of climb airspeed will produce 100 fpm climb.
It must be clean, max gross, max continuous power

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28
Q

What is absolute ceiling?

A

0 fpm

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29
Q

Vmc vs. Vmca

A

Vmc is certified and Vmca is the actual, but we do not know that

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30
Q

Why does aircraft roll and yaw with engine failure?

A

Yaw from asymmetric thrust and asymmetric drag.

Roll from asymmetric and lift and dynamic coupling.

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31
Q

What is the definition of a critical engine?

A

Engine who’s failure most adversely affects performance or handling characteristics of the aircraft.

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32
Q

What is PAST?

A

P-pfactor
A-accelerated slip stream
S-spiraling slip stream
T-torque

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33
Q

Why is left engine critical with spiraling slip stream?

A

Left engines slip stream will add some air to rudder and increase effectiveness

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34
Q

Why is left engine critical with accelerated slipstream?

A

There is a larger arm on right engine for the lift created by the engine.

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35
Q

Why is left engine critical in regards to torque?

A

If you were to lose your left engine the torque effect actually helps you not roll and yaw as much.

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36
Q

What is the definition of minimum control speed?

A

Minimum flight speed at which the airplane is directionally controllable as determined in accordance with the FARs

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37
Q

What are the requirements for Vmc via FAR 23.149?

A 
May not exceed 1.2 Vs1
Max takeoff weight
Most unfavorable CG and weight
Airborne and ground effect negligible 
Max available takeoff power
Trimmed for takeoff
Landing gear retracted
Flaps in takeoff position
Propeller controls in takeoff position

AKA takeoff configuration because this is the worst time for this to happen

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38
Q

What other considerations must be made in regards to Vmc limitations?

A

Rudder pedal force cannot exceed 150 lbs
Cannot reduce power on operating engine
Airplane must not assume dangerous attitude
Must be able to prevent heading change of more than 20 degrees

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39
Q

What is the definition of Vmc per FAR 23.149?

A

Calibrated airspeed at which critical engine is suddenly inoperative and it is possible to maintain control of the airplane and maintain straight flight at the same speed with angle of bank not more thsn 5 degrees

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40
Q

If an aircraft is larger than a 6000 lbs reciprocating twin it must also meet what conditions?

A 
The landing configuration with 
Max available takeoff power on each engine 
Airplane trimmed for approach at Vref
Flaps in landing position 
Landing gear extended 
Prop control in recommended position
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41
Q

Certified Vmc is a ______?

A

Pilots guide

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42
Q

What factors influence Vmca?

A 
Power
CG
Bank angle 
Configuration
Propeller blade angle
Gross weight
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43
Q

What happens to Vmca when power increase?

A

Vmca increase because as asymmetrical thrust increases controllability must increase

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44
Q

What happens to Vmca at high density altitude?

A

Lower Vmca

Thrust decrease with altitude increase

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45
Q

What is the relationship of Vs and Vmca?

A

As altitude increases Vmca decreases therefore you are more likely to reach a stall before reaching Vmca

46
Q

What effect will a forward CG have on Vmca?

A

Lower Vmca

Increase the leverage arm for the rudder

47
Q

What will an increased bank do to Vmca?

A

Lower Vmca

48
Q

Vmca increase approximately _____ for each degree of bank less than _____

A

3 knots

5 degrees

49
Q

What will increase stability do to Vmca?

A

Lower Vmca

Landing gear adds keel effect

50
Q

What will flaps do to Vmca?

A

It can increase Vmca by shadowing the tail slightly fully extended
It can decrease Vmca due to keel effect

51
Q

What effect will windmilling propeller have on Vmca?

A

Vmca increases

Low pitch and high RPM= increased drag which increases asymmetric drag

52
Q

When will Vmc not be calculated with propeller windmilling?

A

If there is an auto dearer system

53
Q

What effect will gross weight have on Vmc?

A

Lower Vmca

More weight the more horizontal component of lift

54
Q

In single engine operations lose ___ power and approximately _____ in climb performance

A

50%
80%

Leading to reduction in excess horse power and increased drag

55
Q

What thing will increase the drag?

A 
Windmilling propellers 
Rudder
Elevator 
Ailerons 
Side slip
56
Q

What two control inputs must be used to counteract asymmetrical thrust?

A

Yaw force from rudder

Horizontal component of lift

57
Q

What conditions are typically met in a zero sidestep condition?

A

2-3 degrees bank

Inclinometer displaced 1/3 to 1/2

58
Q

What conditions will result in a side slip in single engine operations?

A

Wings level

Ailerons only

59
Q

What conditions should be met for perfect control?

A

Pitch for Vyse

Bank 5 degrees towards op engine

60
Q

What conditions should be met for maximum performance?

A

Pitch for Vyse

Establish zero sideslip

61
Q

What conditions demonstrate loss of control?

A

Rudder limit reached
Aileron limit reached
Uncontrollable yaw
First indication of a stall

62
Q

What is single engine service ceiling?

A

Aircraft can climb at 50 fpm

63
Q

What is single engine absolute ceiling?

A

Maximum altitude aircraft can achieve with the critical engine inop

64
Q

What is drift down?

A

If aircraft is above single engine absolute ceiling at the time of the failure it will slowly lose altitude.
Pitch for Vyse

65
Q

Why would a climb in SEO require greater rudder pressure?

A

Because airflow is slowing down over control surfaces

66
Q

Why are climbs not always possible?

A

Because if it reciprocating and under 6000 lbs. it does need to demonstrate a climb

67
Q

What climb must be maintained if aircraft is larger than 6000 and Vso is more than 61 kts?

A

1.5 percent at pressure altitude of 5000 ft.
Remaining engine not more than continuous
Landing gear retracted
Wing flaps retracted
Climb speed not less then 1.2 Vs1

68
Q

What are flight instrument indications during an engine failure?

A

Airspeed increasing
Attitude indicator rolling
Turn coordinator rolling
Inclinometer yawing

69
Q

What are sins of engine failure?

A

Loss of thrust
Nose will yaw in direction of dead engine
Rudder will need force towards good engine

70
Q

What are the two best indicators of an engine failure from engine instruments?

A

EGT

Fuel flow

71
Q

What are the 4 Cs of an engine failure?

A

Control
Configuration
Climb
Checklist

72
Q

What is an emergency per the AIM?

A

Shudder, urgent, usually unexpected occurrence or occasion requiring immediate action

73
Q

To what extent may a pilot deviate from regulations in an emergency?

A

To the extent required to meet the emergency

74
Q

What is a forced landing?

A

Immediate landing on or off airport

Cannot fly any longer

75
Q

What is a precautionary landing?

A

Further flight is possibly buy not advisable

76
Q

What is ditching?

A

A forced or precautionary landing in water

77
Q

What should be done with crashing is inevitable?

A

Keep vital structure intact by using dispensable structures to absorb impact.

78
Q

What is basic empty weight?

A

Weight of a standard airplane including unuseable fuel, full operating fluids, full oil and optional equipment

79
Q

What is maximum ramp weight?

A

Maximum weight approved for ground maneuver

80
Q

What is maximum takeoff weight?

A

Maximum weight approved for the start of the takeoff run

81
Q

What is maximum landing weight?

A

Maximum weight approved for the landing touchdown

82
Q

What is maximum zero fuel weight?

A

Maximum weight exclusive of useable fuel

83
Q

What is useful load?

A

Difference between takeoff weight or ramp weight and basic empty weighty

84
Q

What is the payload?

A

Weight of passengers, cargo, and baggage

85
Q

What is usable fuel?

A

Fuel available for flight planning

86
Q

What is unusable fuel?

A

Fuel remaining after a runout test has been complete in accordance with FARs

87
Q

What is maximum taxi weight?

A

The maximum allowable aircraft weight for taxiing

88
Q

What is maximum runway takeoff weight?

A

Takeoff weight as limited by runway performance

89
Q

What is maximum en-route takeoff weight?

A

Takeoff weight as limited by single engine service ceiling.

90
Q

What is burn limited takeoff weight?

A

Takeoff weight as limited by maximum landing weight.

Max landing weight + fuel burn = BLTW

91
Q

What is included in gross weight?

A 
Basic empty weight 
Useable fuel
Useful load 
   Crew
   Passengers
   Cargo
   Baggage
92
Q

What is the standard weight of AvGas?

A

6 lbs

93
Q

What is the weight of Jet A?

A

6.8 lbs

94
Q

What is the weight of water?

A

8.35 lbs

95
Q

What is the standard weight of an adult?

A

Summer 190 lbs

Winter 195 lbs

96
Q

What is the standard weight of a child?

A

Sumer 82 lbs

Winter 87 lbs

97
Q

What is the standard weight of crew with bags?

A

Flight crew 240 lbs
Male flight attendant 220 lbs
Female flight attendant 200 lbs

98
Q

What is the datum?

A

The imaginary vertical plane from which all horizontal distances are measured for balance purposes

99
Q

What is a station?

A

A location along the airplane fuselage from regencies from the datum

100
Q

What is the arm?

A

The horizontal distance from the reference datum to the CG of an item.

101
Q

What is the moment?

A

The product of the weight of an item multiplied by its arm.

102
Q

What is the center of gravity?

A

The point at which an airplane would balance if suspended.

103
Q

What are three reasons weight and balance is important?

A 
Complexity
   Cargo areas and passenger weights 
Performance
Control 
   Stability 
   VMC
104
Q

In the Seminole CG moves ______ with fuel burn.

A

Forward

105
Q

How high should you climb before turning in an emergency?

A

This is a function of what’s around you, for example, runway environment, topography, buildings

106
Q

What affect does leaving ground effect have in Vmca?

A

It increase

107
Q

What actions should you take to should you begin to lose directional control?

A

Decrease engine power on good engine and pitch down to increase airspeed

108
Q

Zero sideslip in the Seminole is indicated with?

A

2-3 degrees and 1/2 ball deflection

109
Q

V1 is defined as

A

Decision speed

110
Q

What is accelerate stop speed

A

Distance to accelerate to Vr and come to a complete stop on the runway

111
Q

What is accelerate go distance?

A

Distance to rotate and climb 50 ft above runway environment

112
Q

What happens to stall speed as density altitude increase?

A

It stays constant

325 (12 decks)

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