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Pharm 2 Block 15 > Block 15 Nastiness > Flashcards

Block 15 Nastiness Flashcards

1
Q

Asthma treatment

A

Reversible with B (-) SABA (rescue inhaler for acute attacks)
Then
ICS then
LABA- not monotherapy for asthma

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2
Q

COPD treatment

A

Irreversible

LAMA then
LABA- can be monotherapy for COPD then
ISC with LABA

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3
Q

SABA

A

Rescue inhaler for Acute attacks

B2 (+)

Albuterol and levalbuterol

Directly relax bronchial smooth muscle

SE: Tachycardia

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4
Q

LABA

A

Maintenance, 1st line COPD, not monotherapy

Salmeterol, Formoterol

Directly relax bronchial smooth m

SE: tachycardia

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5
Q

SAMA

A

Use with SABA

Muscarinic (-) M1, M2, M3

Ipratropium

Decrease PARA, (-) constriction of bronchial smooth m

SE: blurry vision, halos

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6
Q

LAMA

A

Muscarinic (-) M1, M3

Tiotropium- takes time

First line COPD

Decrease PARA, (-) constriction of bronchial smooth m

SE: blurry vision, halos

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7
Q

Theophylline (methylxanthine)

A

PDE3 (-): relaxes bronchial smooth muscle

DI: smoking, Rifampin= decreases effects
Macrolides, fluoroquin= increases effect s

Noturnal asthma: SE- gastric reflux
PDE4 (-)

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8
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Fluticasone, Budesonide, Mometasone

Maintenance

SE: thrush- use mouthwash after use

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9
Q

Leukotriene modifiers

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist: Montelukast, Zafirlukast

5-lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitor: Zileuton

(-) airway edema, smooth muscle contraction

SE: HA

Warning: suicide

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10
Q

Mast Cell Stabilizers

A

Cromolyn (least toxic), Nedocromil

Prophylaxis for seasonal allergy- decrease inflamm cells

SE: bad taste

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11
Q

Monoclonal antibody

A

Binds to IgE and decreases mediator release

Omailzumab, Dupilumab (IL3 & 4) - last line

SE: site rxn, conjunctivitis

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12
Q

Varenicline

A

COPD

Dopamine (-)

SE: vivid dreams

CI: seizure pt

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13
Q

Bupropion

A

COPD and anti-depressant

Dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

Warning: suicide

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14
Q

H1 antagonists

A

Diphenhydramine, Cetirizine, Fexofenadine, Loratadine

Added during allergy season to decrease asthma

Cetirizine SE: abnormal EOM contractions

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15
Q

Pseudoephedrine/ Phenylephrine

A

Alpha 1 (+)

Decongestant- constriction and less mucus

SE: rebound, increase BP

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16
Q

Nasally administered

A

Fluticasone, chromolyn, oxymetazoline, saline wash

No more than 3 day use

SE: nose bleed, HA, bad taste

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17
Q

Dextromethorphan/ codeine

A

Opioids- mu agonist

Suppresses cough center

SE: CNS depression

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18
Q

Benzonatate

A

Topical anesthetic for addiction patient

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19
Q

Guaifenesin

A

Expectorant- thins mucus

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20
Q

Prazoles

A

GERD and PUD

PPI-parietal cell

First line for RX treatment esp hypersecretory like zollinger- Ellison

SE: hypomagnesmia, bone fracture

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21
Q

H2 antagonists

A

GERD and PUD

Ranitidine, Famotidine, Cimetidine

(-) gastric acid secretion/ volume

Cimetidine: increase levels of theophylline and phenytoin

22
Q

Sucralfate

A

Add on treatment GERD and PUD

Prevents absorption of other meds and vitamins

SE: hypo phosphate is, hypovitaminosis

23
Q

ASA-like

A

Bismuth

Antacid and coating

Can be sub for PPI in H. Pylori tx- last line

24
Q

Metoclopramide

A

D2 antagonist

Last line GERD and PUD due to side effects

25
Q

H. Pylori 3 drug regimen

A

Lansoprazole 30 mg BID
Amoxicillin 500 mg- PCN
Clarithromycin 500 mg BID

PCN alternative: Metro

26
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

Prodrug 5-ASA

Ulcerative colitis- colon

SE: agranulocytosis and folate deficiency

27
Q

Mesalamine

A

5-ASA: UC and CD

First line for Chrons disease

Induce remission

28
Q

Corticosteroids

A

UC and CD

First line remission in mod-severe

Used in maintenance in moderate to severe case but then taper

SE: increase IOP and cataract

29
Q

Cyclosporine (immunosuppression)

A

UC and CD

Inhibition of calcineurin- inhibits IL-2 from T cells

Warning: HTN and nephrotoxicity

30
Q

Azathioprine (immunosuppression)

A

UC and CD

Purine analog (6-MP)

Interferes with metabolism of nucleic acid halting DNA synthesis

31
Q

Infliximab (immunosuppression)

A

UC and CD- severe first line

Anti TNF

Warning: TB or fungal infection

32
Q

Natalizumab/Vedolizumab (immunosuppression)

A

N: Alpha-4 anti-integrin
V: alpha-4-beta-7 anti-integrin

Block leukocyte migration

Warning: PML- brain infection

33
Q

Constipation drugs

A

Glycerin: laxative of choice in kids

Lubiprostone: CL- channel activator

Linaclotide: guanylate Cyclades agonist

34
Q

Diarrhea drugs

A

Loperamide (OTC): warning- heart attack

Alosetron: 5-HT-3 antagonist

35
Q

Antiemetics

A

First line: setron, aprepitant, dexamethasone, promethazine

Scopolamine: SE- vertigo

36
Q

Phenytoin

A

CYP inducer

Use: 1st line focal and tonic-clonic seizure, neuralgia

SE: gingival hyperplasia, nystagmus

37
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Use: first line focal and tonic-clonic seizure, bipolar med

SE: bloody dyscrasias, blurry vision

38
Q

Lamotrigine

A

Decrease glutamate

SE: SJS

39
Q

Valproate

A

1st line for myoclonic seizure

CYP inhibitor

SE: hepatotoxic, alopecia

Used for all seizure types

40
Q

Phenobarbital

A

1st line seizure med in neonates

41
Q

Topiramate

A

4 Ts- weight loss, nearsightedness, kidney stones, decreased cognition

42
Q

Levetiracetam

A

Decrease glutamate, blocks Ca2+

43
Q

Ethosuximide

A

1st line in a sense seizures

44
Q

Amphetamine

A

Increase dopamine, norepinephrine and 5HT

Use: ADHD, narcolepsy

SE: MDD, restless, increased BP, psychosis

45
Q

MDMA

A

Increase 5HT, DA, NE

Use: PTSD

No dependence

SE: hyperthermia

46
Q

Cocaine

A

Increase DA, NE, 5HT shorter DOA than amphetamine

Use: local anesthetic

Tolerance, dependence

SE: arrhythmia, decrease behavioral side effects

47
Q

Methylxanthines (caffeine)

A

Mild increase DA, NE but decrease PDE, adenosine

Use: alertness, bronchodilator

No psychological dependence

48
Q

Ethanol: alcohol

A

GABA mimetic

Acamprosate: NMDA antagonist

Disulfiram: blocks aldehyde dehydrogenase

Vit B1-> WK syndrome

49
Q

Methanol

A

Early: formaldehyde odor

Late: blindness, metabolic acidosis

50
Q

Isopropyl alcohol

A

No metabolic acidosis

Pharm 2 Block 15 (3 decks)

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