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Geography - B - Changing Places > Block 1 (Changing Place; Changing Places - Relationships And Connections) > Flashcards

Block 1 (Changing Place; Changing Places - Relationships And Connections) Flashcards

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1
Q

Define place

A

A portion of geographic space to which meaning has been given by people

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2
Q

What is a ‘place’ made up of

A

Location characteristics + meaning

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3
Q

Places have characteristics that are constantly changing. List the characteristics

A
  • Demographic (pop size + structure)
  • Socio-economic (health, crime, employment, income, education)
  • Cultural (religion, customs, language)
  • Physical geog (relief, features, geology)
  • Built environment (land use, building type, density)
  • Political (government + council)
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4
Q

Are all places changing places?

A

Yes

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5
Q

How are the characteristics of places changed?

A
  • Flows of people
  • Flows of resources
  • Flows of money
  • Flows of ideas
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6
Q

What are the flows of people?

A
  • Migration
  • Travelling for work
  • Second home ownership
  • Studentification
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7
Q

How does migration change places? Give example

A
  • Changes demographic living in area
  • Bring culture, impact available services, may cause tension
  • E.g. Birmingham - culture/services = Balti Triangle
    - tension = 2005 race riots
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8
Q

How does travelling for work change places? Give example

A
  • Changes demographic, houses and facilities available in commuter settlements
  • E.g. Barnt Green, commuter s for Bham - 90% white working age
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9
Q

How does second home ownership change places? Give example

A
  • Changes demographic and socio-economic characteristics (e.g. house prices rise)
  • E.g. Salcombe - lots of second homes - average house price over £700,000
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10
Q

How does studentification change places? Give example

A
  • Changes demographic, services and can increase tension

- E.g. Swansea - Brynmill (suburbs) 50% student lets, influences business, puts off residents (antisocial behaviour)

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11
Q

Define studentification

A

Neighbourhoods become dominated by student residential occupation

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12
Q

Define migration

A

(Often permanent) movement of people between or within countries

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13
Q

What are the flows of resources?

A
  • Change in where resources come from, driven by industrialisation + deindustrialisation
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14
Q

How does industrialisation/deindustrialisation change places? Give example

A
  • Change socio-economic, culture and built environment

- E.g. Reduced steelworks in N.Yorkshire (replaced by China - 50% steel in 2019) caused loss of community

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15
Q

What are the flows of money?

A
  • FDI
  • Removal of FDI
  • MNC investment
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16
Q

How does FDI change places? Give example

A
  • Changes socio-economics

- E.g Nissan invested £100 million in Sunderland - employment

17
Q

How does removal of FDI change places? Give example

A
  • Changes socio-economics

- E.g. Tata Steel removed Teeside investment - huge economic decline

18
Q

How does MNC investment change places? Give example

A
  • Changes socio-economics

- E.g. McDonalds in 118 countries - creating CLONE TOWNS (cultural homogeneity) and costly for healthcare

19
Q

What are the flows of ideas?

A
  • Ideas from planners/developers

- Ideas from knowledge hubs

20
Q

How do ideas from planners/developers change places? Give example

A
  • Their ideas stimulate redevelopment - change socio-economics, built area, demographic
  • E.g. Grand Central redevelopment
21
Q

How do ideas from knowledge hubs change places? Give example

A
  • Causes cluster formation - changes socio-economics

- E.g. Cambridge Science Park - 1200 tech companies

22
Q

Define globalisation

A

Increasing economic, social and political interconnectivity of people and places due to increased trade, transport, infrastructure and communication

23
Q

How does globalisation affect changing characteristics of places?

A

Increased the rate of flows, therefore increasing rate of change

24
Q

What is a negative view on globalisation?

A

Causes loss of uniqueness, through cultural homogeneity

25
Q

What is a positive view on globalisation?

A

‘Globalisation is shaping and reforming our sense of place’ - Doreen Massey

26
Q

What in the lives of individuals does a place’s continuity/change through flows have an impact on?

A
  • employment
  • services
  • open space
  • health
  • social inclusion/exclusion
  • housing
27
Q

Why can global decisions have effect on local scales? Give example

A

Globalisation has increased worldwide interdependence

  • E.g. VW found to be breaching car emission regulations 2015 - Wolfsburg (main plant Germany), redundancies in nearby shops (de multiplier), chiropractor 25% income loss
28
Q

Outline a case study of your home place

A

Stratford-Upon-Avon
LOCATION:
- West Midlands
- Warwickshire
- Floodplain of R.Avon
DEMOGRAPHIC:
- Population approx 130,000
- Population growing at rate of 3.8% per year
- Average age 43 (expensive, need to be in established work)
- 95% white in 2007 (too expensive for immigrants)
- Lower than average dependency ratio
SOCIO-ECONOMICS
- In 50% least deprived areas in country
- Some pockets of deprivation, e.g. Maybird region - 30-40% most deprived in country
- Greatest employer is low level tertiary (retail)
- Most population employed in high level tertiary/quaternary (commute)
- Above average wage of £540 per week
- Average house price over £400,000 (increased 400% since 1995)
- Above average life expectancy
CULTURE
- Shakespeare’s birthplace, annual bday parade
- 70% Christian
- Mainly caters for white, Christian, English people
CHANGES
- Market town
- Tourism
- Clone town qualities - MNCs + chain stores
SENSE OF PLACE
- Positive
- Where I go to school + see friends

29
Q

What is a conurbation?

A

Extended urban area. Typically when several towns merge with suburbs of a city

30
Q

What are the average life expectancies for men and women in the UK?

A

Men: 79 yrs
Women: 83 yrs

31
Q

Outline a case study of a further, contrasting place

A

Birmingham
LOCATION:
- West Midlands (centre of West Midlands Conurbation)
- 70 miles East of Wales
- 130 miles North-West of London
DEMOGRAPHIC:
- Population approx 1.14 mill
- Population growing at rate of 0.9% per year
- Average age in 20s (students + young immigrants)
- High immigration (in 2012-13: 12,000 international, 41,000 national)
SOCIO-ECONOMICS
- Higher deprivation, but varies depending on region, e.g. Sparkbrook: top 5% most deprived, Sutton Versey: top 50% least deprived
- Biggest employer is tertiary sector (post manufacturing decline)
- Below average life expectancy
- ‘Fattest city’ in UK
- Alternative business hub to London
CULTURE
- Very multicultural, but not always accepting, e.g. 2005 Race Riots
- 1/3 non white
- Uneven ethnicity distribution, e.g. Ladywood: 0% white, Sutton Coldfield: 100% white
- Multicultural food (Balti Triangle), fashion, festivals (Frankfurt Xmas Market)
- 45% Christian, 20% Muslim
CHANGES
- Market town
- Metalworks
- Manufacturing (mainly cars)
- Services

Geography - B - Changing Places (10 decks)

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