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MC Test #1 > Block 1 and 2 Female Reproduction > Flashcards

Block 1 and 2 Female Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What is estrogen for?

A

it’s for sexual reproduction and development
it helps regulate periods
it helps maintain the heart
it helps hair growth and helps maintain brain function
helps maintain the health of the breasts

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2
Q

What is testosterone for?

A

helps maintain muscle and strengthens bones
helps turn fat into muscles
needed for energy and brain function (cognitive ability)
helps increase libido

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3
Q

What is testosterone produced by?

A

the ovaries

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4
Q

What is progesterone for?

A

maintains the endometrium of the uterus

aides in the secretion of breast milk

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5
Q

What does FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) do?

A

stimulates the secretion of estrogen in the ovaries

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6
Q

What does LH (luteinizing hormone) do?

A

triggers ovulation (releasing of an egg)

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7
Q

What is LH (luteinizing hormone) secreted by?

A

the anterior pituitary

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8
Q

What is prolactin responsible for?

A

milk production in lactating women

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9
Q

What is oxytocin responsible for?

A

promotes the release of milk

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10
Q

What kind of questions are asked in the personal hx?

A

surgeries, allergies, meds, exercise, sleep, smoking, drinking, drugs, abuse.

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11
Q

What kind of questions are asked in the period hx?

A

when did they start, how old were they, how often, how long does it last, what kind of flow, do they think they are in menopause, do they take calcium supplements.

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12
Q

What kind of questions are asked in OB/GYNE hx?

A

When was their last pap smear, was it normal, do they do self breast exams, how often, have they had a mammography, results, ever been pregnant, how many times, full term, how many living children, breast feed, vaginal discharge, itching, pain with intercourse, monogamous, several partners, protection, what kind

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13
Q

What kind of questions are asked in sexual hx?

A

sexual orientation, have they ever had any STDs, do they have a satisfying sex life.

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14
Q

What kind of questions are asked in family hx?

A

heart issues, thyroid problems, diabetes, cancers, osteoporosis.

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15
Q

What kind of questions are asked in psychosocial hx?

A

married, employed.

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16
Q

What are you observing for in a breast exam?

A

checking for lumps, bumps, tenderness, observe for dimpling, same size, hang at same level, nipple discharge.

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17
Q

When should a female perform a self breast exam?

A

the week after her period because the hormone levels are back to normal and the breasts wont be tender.

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18
Q

What 5 things are being examined in a physical exam?

A

external genitalia, vagina, internal genitalia, perineum, perineum, anus, inguinal nodes.

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19
Q

What is being observed when the doctor is examining the external genitalia?

A

color, symmetry, hair and pattern of hair, swelling, any drainage, extradite anywhere.

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20
Q

What is being observed when the doctor is observing the vagina

A

shape, any bulges, color, and discharge.

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21
Q

What is being observed when the doctor is observing the internal genitalia?

A

palpated for tenderness, size, shape. Women can have fibroids in or outside their uterus.

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22
Q

What is being observed when the doctor is observing the perineum?

A

scars and lesions

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23
Q

What is being observed when the doctor is observing the anus?

A

shape, color, changes, lesions.

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24
Q

What is being observed when the doctor is observing the inguinal nodes?

A

(in the groin) palpated for any swelling or tenderness

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25
What does a mammography do?
flatten and spread the breast tissue.
26
What needs to be taught before a mammography?
they need to bathe and not apply any deodorants or lotions.
27
What does a thermography do and how is it done?
records temperatures in the breast tissue, and it is done the same way as a mammography.
28
What needs to be assess after a biopsy?
bleeding
29
How is a needle biopsy done?
under local or general anesthesia, in the office or OR, sterile.
30
What two nutrients are needed for bone health?
vitamin D and calcium
31
How much vitamin D is needed?
up to 600 international unit/day
32
How much calcium is needed?
up to 1200 mg/day
33
Who needs bone health exams?
post menopausal women who are not on supplements or vitamins.
34
How long is a DEXA test?
10 minutes
35
What does a DEXA test do?
measure bone density at the hip or spine.
36
What kind of test is a hormone test?
a blood test
37
What is a hormone test used for?
to assess irregular periods, to assess late start periods in young females, used for infertility studies, used for tumor markers.
38
What is examined first in a pelvic exam?
the vulva
39
What is examined second in a pelvic exam?
the vagina and cervix.
40
What all can be scraped when doing a pelvic exam?
specimen, discharge, or mucous membranes.
41
What is the device called that is used for pelvic exams?
a speculum.
42
How should the room and patient be set up for a pelvic exam?
according to the providers wants, patient should have an empty bladder, two sets of gloves for the provider, tell them which clothes to remove, provide them with a gown, have the patient lay on the table and relax.
43
How is a bimanual exam done?
hand on abdomen and in the vagina. palpating.
44
What is a bimanual exam done for?
palpating for shape, size, and growth. Examining the vagina and adnexa (fallopian tubes and ovaries). Make sure the patient is relaxed.
45
What is a cytology?
its when the samples from an exam are put on a slide to be examined.
46
When is a cytology used?
if the patient has a cone biopsy.
47
What are the nursing measures for swabs/smears?
make sure the special kit is out for the doctor, explain the procedure, provide comfort.
48
Patient teaching for an ultrasound?
Patient needs to have a full bladder.
49
What is a hysterosalpingogram?
an xray of the uterus and fallopian tubes
50
What is a hysterosalpingogram used for and how is it done?
for infertility studies, blockage, ectopic pregnancy. a dye is inserted into the cervix.
51
What needs done before a hysterosalpingogram?
check for allergies, get consent, empty bladder, explain the procedure, pregnancy test.
52
What is a cone biopsy?
a cone shaped wedge removed from the patients cervix from the tissue. it is deep.
53
What is a punch biopsy?
a circular shape removed from the patients cervix tissue.
54
Dysplasia=
abnormal cells (pre cancer)
55
Why would they do a cone biopsy?
finding dysplasia
56
salpingoscopy=
examining fallopian tubes, invasive.
57
Colposcopy=
examining the cervix (acidic stuff put on the cervix), invasive.
58
hysteroscopy=
examining the uterus, invasive.
59
Which to endoscopies can be done in an office?
colposcopy and hysterscopy
60
insufflation=
gas used, very uncomfortable, lay flat for several hours, neck shoulder and jaw pain because gas rises.
61
in biopsies and invasive endoscopies this needs to be watched afterwards.
bleeding. the first 24 hours is fine, but if they are bleeding the day after then they need to call the doctor.
62
What are three benign breast disorders?
Cyclic breast discomfort, fibrocystic changes, and mastitis.
63
Cyclic breast discomfort caused by
hormones increasing decreasing. it happens when they are on their period.
64
Cyclic breast discomfort s/s
swelling, mastalgia (pain)
65
mastalgia=
pain
66
Cyclic breast discomfort treatments
NSAIDs, birth control
67
Fibrocystic changes risk factors
women 30-50 years old or younger if they have a lot of caffeine intake
68
Fibrocystic changes s/s
hard lumpy areas, notice more when on period, lumps are movable
69
Fibrocystic changes treatments
no caffeine, NSAIDs
70
Mastitis is..
infection and inflammation of the breasts
71
Mastitis is common in
breastfeeding women
72
Mastitis s/s
swelling, red, hot, very painful.
73
Malignant breast disorder is..
abnormal growth of breast cells
74
Malignant breast disorder s/s
lump or thickening, dimpling, change in shape or size of breast, clear discharge or bloody discharge from the nipple.
75
What are the three types of mastectomy called?
partial, simple, and radical
76
partial mastectomy=
removes part of the breast
77
simple mastectomy=
moving tissue from one or both breasts.
78
radical mastectomy=
remove tissue, muscle, and lymph nodes from the breasts.
79
Breast cancer s/s
hard lumps, don't move, less defined border
80
Breast cancer dx tests=
self breast exam, mammography, needle aspirations, biopsy
81
Breast cancer treatments
lumpectomy, radiation(can be internal, external, or both..this is done after surgery), chemo(kills any rapidly dividing cells in the body), hormones(block estrogen), comfort.
82
Nursing dx for mastectomy
anxiety, ineffective breathing, ineffective coping
83
What is breast augmentation
increases breast size. implants or transplants body tissue. on top or behind muscle
84
Breast reduction helps
helps neck, back, and shoulder pain
85
other names for breast reductions=
keyhole surgery or masopecty
86
What are menstrual issues usually caused from?
an endocrine problem, stress, pregnancy, infections, and IUDs.
87
Amenorrhea=
absence of periods
88
Dysmenorrhea=
painful periods.
89
How is Dysmenorrhea treated?
NSAIDs, birth control, hormone replacements
90
Primary Dysmenorrhea=
cramping from normal hormonal changes
91
Secondary Dysmenorrhea=
from endometriosis, infection, or fibroids(benign masses)
92
Dilation and curettage=
scrape away the endometrium if too many clots or cramps.
93
Endometriosis=
lining of the uterus is growing out of the cervix and attaches to any organ in the abdomen, very painful and very painful periods.
94
How is endometriosis treated?
NSAIDs, birth control, opioids.
95
What is menopause
the cessation of periods due to decreased hormone levels
96
what is perimenopausal
the gradual decline of hormones that causes irregular periods
97
s/s of menopause and perimenopause
night sweats, hot flashes, cognitive changes, extreme tiredness, anxiety, insomnia, not restful sleep, strange vivid nightmares,
98
How long can perimenopause last
10 years
99
What are the treatments for perimenopause and menopause?
hormone replacement therapy, estrogen and progesterone, teach them to layer clothing, decrease sugar, alcohol, and caffeine, lubricants, kegals, and support groups.
100
What are women going through menopause and perimenopause at increased risk for?
yeast infections and UTI's
101
Candida albicans=
yeast infection (overgrowth of the normal flora)
102
how is candida albicans treated?
antifungals (Diflucan and Monistat) Diflucan is one pill then is usually goes away. Monistat is a cream.
103
What can cause candida albicans?
wearing tampons, wearing panty hose too long, wearing wet bathing suits too long.
104
Bacterial vaginitis/vaginosis=
bacterial infection of the vagina
105
Bacterial vaginitis s/s
white to gray discharge, smells like fish, notices the fish smell usually right after intercourse
106
What ATB is used for bacterial vaginitis
flagyl
107
What is a very common bacterial vaginitis
Gardnerella
108
What are the s/s of PMS?
water retention, H/A, joint breast and muscle pain, change in affect (facial)
109
What lab test does hormone replacements need
constant blood work
110
s/s of trichomonas vaginalis
itchy, dysuria (painful urination), foul odor, frothy discharge, fishy nasty smell, pH more than 4.5
111
contact vulvovaginitis s/s
thick white discharge, no distinct odor, burning, and itching.
112
Contact vullvoaginitis causes
silk underwear and indigio blue jeans
113
Who does atrophic vaginitis usually occur in?
menopausal women because of decreased estrogen levels
114
atrophic vaginitis s/s
vaginal dryness, dyspareunia (painful intercourse), yellow white or green discharge, can be blood tinged
115
How is atrophic vaginitis treated?
hormone replacements, hormone vaginal cream (estrace)
116
What is toxic shock syndrome?
severe systemic infection, life threatening, usually caused by staph but can be caused by strep.
117
What is the 1st s/s of toxic shock syndrome
H/A, fever, sore throat
118
Agenesis=
an issue of development, they never developed
119
imperforate=
an issue of development, they are there but they have no openings
120
What can agenesis and imperforate cause?
painful periods and infertility
121
cystocele=
When the bladder sags or drops into the vagina
122
Cystocele can cause
stress incontinence
123
rectocele=
rectum sags into the vagina
124
rectocele can cause
fecal incontinence, constipation, hemorrhoids.
125
Prolapse=
uterus sags into the vagina
126
1st degree prolapse=
half of the uterus sags into the vagina
127
2nd degree prolapse=
the whole uterus sags into the vagina
128
3rd degree prolapse=
the uterus is hanging out of the vagina
129
What can cause prolapse
standing, heavy lifting, lifting incorrectly.
130
What needs to be taught with positional disorders?
kegals
131
pessary=
holds up the prolapse (this may increase vaginal discharge)
132
anteversion=
When the uterus is too far forward
133
anteflexion=
When the upper part of the uterus is too far forward.
134
retroversion=
the whole uterus is too far back
135
retroflexion=
the upper part of the uterus is too far back
136
name a fertility issue and three things it can lead to.
cannot get or stay pregnant and may lead to frustration, depression, and divorce
137
What is in the oral contraceptives?
estrogen and progesterone
138
what is the most common contraceptive?
oral
139
what are oral contraceptive used for?
painful periods, irregular periods, and birth control
140
if you miss an oral contraceptive what should you do?
take it as soon as you remember unless it is within four hours of the next dose
141
What can happen if you double up your birth control pills or do not take them as prescribed?
can end up with break through bleeding or end up pregnant
142
Which two birth controls can cause weight gain and cause you to stop having periods?
depo and implants
143
how long should you use a back up method of birth control for after starting the depo or implant?
1-2 weeks
144
What hormones do the nuvaring have
estrogen and progesterone
145
How is nuvaring used?
it is applied over the cervix for 3 weeks and then taken out for one week to have a menstrual cycle
146
What is another name for the patch
orthoevera
147
What sites should the patch be applies?
abdomen, upper arm, or buttox
148
How is the patch used?
applied for one week at a time for three weeks and then taken off completely to have a period. change sites each time. alcohol may effect this.
149
these should be used together
barriers(condoms) and spermicides
150
how much space should be left at the end of a male condom
0.5 inches
151
Which condom protects from more diseases
the female condom
152
what are therapeutic abortions used for?
ectopic pregnancies and anormalities
153
Name two ways that elective abortions are done
D&C and chemicals
154
name three different sterilizations
tubal ligation, hysterectomy, and vasectomy
155
name three benign tumors
fibroids, polyps, and dermoid cysts(teratomas)
156
these benign cysts can lead to cancer
demoid(AKA: teratomas)
157
name four reproductive cancers
vulvular cancer(rare), cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrium cancer
158
this cancer is best detected by a pap smear
cervical cancer
159
this kind of cancer is the insidious killer
ovarian cancer
160
this cancer is caused by excess estrogen
endometrium cancer (this can also be cause by too much alcohol consumption)
161
this cancer is the most common reproductive cancer
endometrium cancer
162
edoscopys are used more because they decrease the risk of what
bleeding and infection

MC Test #1 (3 decks)

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