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PL100 > Block 1 > Flashcards

Block 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is psychology?

A

the scientific study of thought, behavior, and actions

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2
Q

what is metacognitive thinking?

A

thinking about thinking - deepend understanding, reflection, not believing everything you think.

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3
Q

what is memory?

A

specific event or process of recollection

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4
Q

what is cognitive psychology?

A

study of how people perceive information

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5
Q

what is behavioral psychology?

A

study of brain functions in learning, emotion, and mental illness

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6
Q

what is biological psych?

A

study of how the relationship between bodily systems and chemicals influences behavior/thought

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7
Q

what is developmental psych?

A

study of how thought/behavior change and remain stable in a life span

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8
Q

what is personality psych?

A

study of what makes people unique and how behavior changes over lifespan

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9
Q

what is social psych?

A

study of how living in groups influences thoughts/feelings/ehaviors

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10
Q

what is cross-cultural psych?

A

how thought/emotion/personality/mental illness/behavior varies across cultures

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11
Q

why study psych?

A

leadership development, curiosity, and learn about life and development

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12
Q

what is indigenous psych?

A

religious medicine, village myths

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13
Q

how did plato contribute to psych?

A

argued that knowledge derives from reflection and entwined with philosophy

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14
Q

how did aristotle contribute to psych?

A

argued that knowledge derives from experience and emotional experiences

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15
Q

how did john locke contribute to psych?

A

argued that empiricism - knowledge derive from observation and experience

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16
Q

what is the scientific method?

A

observe, predict, test, interpret, communicate, and replicate

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17
Q

what is a hypothesis?

A

a specific, informed, and testable prediction of the outcome of a particular set of conditions in research design

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18
Q

what is a null hypothesis?

A

a specific, informed, and testable prediction what will not be the outcome of a particular set of conditions in research design

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19
Q

what are the ethical guidelines of psych?

A

informed consent, respect for persons, benefit for subject, privacy, and justice

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20
Q

what is informed consent?

A

test subjects must understand what they are signing up for and the risks associated

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21
Q

what is deception in psych?

A

IOT prevent placebo effect, subjects do not know the true purpose of the experiment, but are informed afterward

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22
Q

what is experimental research?

A

a research design that attempts to establish causation between a variable and an outcome. the IV is manipulated, the DV is the outcome, and there is random assignment between the experimental and control groups

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23
Q

what is a double-blind procedure?

A

IOT prevent placebo effect, both experimenter and subject do not know the conditions the subject is undergoing

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24
Q

what is random assignment?

A

IOT correctly represent general pop and a variable outside the experiment’s scope from influencing, subjects have an equal chance to be control or experimental subject

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25
Q

what is an independent variable?

A

the part of the experiment that the experimenter thinks leads to a certain outcome

26
Q

what is a dependent variable?

A

the outcome of the dependent variable

27
Q

what is correlational study?

A

investigates relationships between variables of interest without any manipulation, just data gathering. involves passive observation and measurement.

28
Q

what is positive correlation?

A

both variables move in tandem towards an upward trend

28
Q

what is negative correlation

A

two variables move in opposite direction

29
Q

what does weak correlation look like?

A

there are exceptions to the association, scatterplot is spaced out

30
Q

what does a strong correlation look like

A

there few/no exceptions to the association, scatterplot is tight

31
Q

what is participant observation?

A

when the researcher immerses themselves in a experimental group

32
Q

what is a case study?

A

an intensive examination of specific context or person

33
Q

what is a narrative analysis?

A

a study of stories/personal accounts of a population

34
Q

what is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

controls pain, pressure, senses, temperature

35
Q

what is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

logic, reasoning, motor skills and function

36
Q

what is the function of the amygdala?

A

fight or flight response

37
Q

what is the function of the hippocampus

A

knowledge production and thinking

38
Q

what is the function of Broca’s Area?

A

speech creation

39
Q

what is the function of Wernicke’s Area?

A

speech processing

40
Q

what is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

chemicals that create positive emotions and motivation

41
Q

what is the function of the cerebellum

A

balance and coordination

42
Q

what is a quasi-experimental study?

A

studying the interaction between an IV and a DV, but you cannot manipulate them because there is no set up scenario. like studying people in a class - you can’t move them to different classes IOT manipulate IV because it is the real world.

43
Q

what is a confounding variable?

A

an internal validity threat to a study where there are other variables outside the scope of the study that impact the DV, making it impossible to draw clear causation between the IV and DV.

44
Q

what is the placebo effect?

A

an internal validity threat where study subjects incorrectly believe they are impacted by the IV. control groups and deception help counter.

45
Q

what is experimenter expectancy?

A

an internal validity threat to a study where the experimenter has an opinion about what the outcome of the study ought to be. double-blind helps counter

46
Q

what is a participant demand?

A

an internal validity threat to a study where a subject who knows the experimenter’s intentions can influence how they behave. Experimenter deception helps counter

47
Q

what is social desirability status?

A

an internal validity threat to a study where subjects may behave or answer questions in a manner that may be viewed more favorably, hence reacting to an IV in a inauthentic manner

48
Q

what is sampling bias?

A

an external validity threat where the population that subjects come from has a bias towards one side of the experiment.

49
Q

what is the false consensus effect?

A

the belief that your views reflect the views of others

50
Q

what is the halo effect?

A

when your initial impression of someone influences your overall opinion of them

51
Q

what is optimism bias?

A

when you overestimate tat good things will happen to you, which causes good things to happen

52
Q

what is confirmation bias

A

the tendency to listen to information that confirms existing beliefs.

53
Q

what areheuristics?

A

mental shortcuts

54
Q

what is the availability heuristic?

A

when you immediately think of examples that are personally available or more vivid to your mind to come to a conclusion. ex: more likely to die in a car or airplane?

55
Q

what is a representative heuristic?

A

when you think that something is representative of an entire thing, like stereotypes. ex: is a skinny man with glasses reading poetry more likely an ivy league professor or a truck driver?

56
Q

what is social desirability bias?

A

adopting a belief because the majority of people sipport it

57
Q

what is deductive reasoning?

A

drawing a specific conclusion based on general beliefs . ex: all humans are alive, obama is alive, obama is a human

58
Q

what is inductive reasoning?

A

using specific evidence to draw broader conclusions. ie. whenever i get chilled, i catch a cold, so cold weather makes me sick.

59
Q
A

PL100 (4 decks)

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