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Pathophysiology > Block 1 > Flashcards

Block 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following statement about the chronic renal disease is not true:
A. Function of the gi tract is well preserved
B. Anemia is present
C. Hypertension is common
D. Diabetes mellitus is a frequent cause of chronic renal failure
E. Demineralization of the bones is present

A

A. Function of the gi tract is well preserved

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2
Q

In a patient with chronic hypokalemia you will find the following effects, except:
A. High urine volume
B. High icf volume
C. Hypernatremia
D. Low urine osmolality
E. Low ecf volume

A

B. High icf volume

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3
Q

Hyperkalemia is present in the following situation:
A. Cells necrosis
B. Hyponatremia
C. Ecf hypo osmolality
D. Alkalosis
E. Icf hypoosmolality

A

D. Alkalosis

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4
Q

In a patient infused with the isotonic nacl solution you expect to find the following changes, except
A. Increased icf volume
B. Increased urinary sodium excretion
C. Unchanged ecf osmolality
D. Increased ecf volume
E. Unchanged icf osmolality

A

A. Increased icf volume

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5
Q

In which situation respiratory acidosis is present:
A. Increased plasma level of amines in a patient with liver
failure
B. Hypoxemia
C. Increased plasma levels of endotoxins
D. Intoxication with salicylates
E. Intoxication with barbiturates

A

E. Intoxication with barbiturates

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6
Q

In a patient with the osmotic diuresis you will find:
A. Increased secretion of potassium from principal cells
B. Low aldosterone level
C. Low urine osmolality
D. Increased ecf volume
E. Low urinary sodium excretion

A

B. Low aldosterone level

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7
Q

In a patient with diabetes mellitus who stopped taking insulin you do not expect to find:
A. Ketones in the plasma
B. Low plasma bicarbonates level
C. Ketones in the urine
D. Hyperventilation
E. Bicarbonuria

A

E. Bicarbonuria

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8
Q

Anorexia in the uremic patients is induced by:
A. Impaired absorption of nutrients from the intestines
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Anemia
D. Suppression of the activity of the orexigenic neurons by the system inflammatory response
E. Hyperlipidemia

A

D. Suppression of the activity of the orexigenic neurons by
the system inflammatory response

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9
Q

In a patient with osmotic diarrhea you will find the following changes, except:
A. Low ecf volume
B. Low renal potassium secretion
C. High ecf osmolality
D. Hypokalemia
E. Low adh level

A

B. Low renal potassium secretion

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10
Q

In one patient arterial [hco3] was acutely increased from 24 mmol/l to 30 mmol/l. After 2 days arterial pco2
pressure in that patient is equal 45 mmhg and [h+]= 36 nmol/l. Diagnosis of his actual acid base status is:
A. Metabolic acidosis and respiratory acidosis
B. Metabolic acidosis and respiratory alkalosis
C. Metabolic alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis
D. Compensated metabolic alkalosis
E. Metabolic alkalosis and respiratory acidosis

A

D. Compensated metabolic alkalosis

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11
Q

The main cause of hypocalcemia in uremic patient is:
A. Lack of vitamin d3 hydroxylation in the kidney
B. None of the listed
C. Lack of erythropoietin
D. Lack of vitamin d3 hydroxylation in the liver
E. High level of pth

A

A. Lack of vitamin d3 hydroxylation in the kidney

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12
Q

In a patient with diarrhea you will not find:
A. Hyperventilation
B. Increased renal excretion of ammonia
C. Bicarbonuria
D. Increased renal hydrogen secretion
E. Low urine sodium concentration

A

C. Bicarbonuria

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13
Q

Respiratory acidosis is not caused by:
A. Barbiturates
B. Mechanical hypoventilation
C. Progesterone
D. Ischemia of the respiratory center
E. Upper airway obstruction

A

C. Progesterone

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14
Q

Increased risk of the vascular clotting in patients with the nephrotic syndrome is due to:
A. Increased blood level of insulin
B. All the listed
C. Increased blood level of igg
D. Increased blood level of fibrinogen
E. Increased blood level of iga

A

D. Increased blood level of fibrinogen

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15
Q

Which parameter is not characteristic for diagnosis of the nephrotic syndrome:
A. Anemia
B. Hypoalbuminemia
C. Proteinuria>3.5 g/day
D. Hyperlipidemia
E. Vascular edema

A

A. Anemia

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16
Q

The most frequent type of acute renal failure is:
A. Acute tubular necrosis due to ischemia
B. Acute tubular necrosis caused by heavy metals
C. Acute tubular necrosis caused by hemoglobin
D. Acute prerenal failure
E. Acute tubular necrosis caused by aminoglycosides

A

D. Acute prerenal failure

17
Q

Which hormone stimulates potassium transport into the cells:
A. Adh
B. None of the listed
C. Parathormone
D. Insulin
E. Angiotensin ii

A

A. Adh

18
Q

In a patient with the vascular edema due to low cardiac output you will find, as the following except:
A increased sodium reabsorption in the loop of henle
B. Low osmolality of urine
C. Hyperaldosteronism
D. Increased sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule
E. Reduced stimulation of high blood pressure receptors in
the aortic arch

A

C. Hyperaldosteronism

19
Q

The fastest buffering of the hydrogen ions occurs in:
A. Intracellular space
B. Kidney
C. Red blood cells
D. Extracellular space
E. Lungs

A

D. Extracellular space

20
Q

After infusion of the hypotonic nacl solution you will find the following effects, except:
A. Increased icf volume
B. Decreased urine osmolality
C. Increased icf osmolality
D. Increased ecf volume
E. Increased renal sodium excretion

A

C. Increased icf osmolality

21
Q

After infusion of which solution you expect the increase of icf volume:
A. Isotonic nacl solution
B. Hypertonic mannitol solution
C. Isotonic mannitol solution
D. Isotonic glucose solution
E. Hypertonic nacl solution

A

E. Hypertonic nacl solution

22
Q

In a patient who is sweating you expect to find the following changes except:
A. Low ecf volume
B. High urine osmolality
C. High icf volume
D. Hypernatremia
E. Low urinary sodium excretion

A

C. High icf volume

23
Q

What is the maximal volume of the diluted urine in a person excreting 600 mosm?
A. 6 liters
B. 15 liters
C. 9 liters
D. 3 liters
E. 12 liters

A

E. 12 liters

24
Q

In one patient arterial pco2 was acutely increased from 40 Mmhg to 60 mmhg. After 3 days hco3 concentration in
that patient is equal 45 mmol/l and [h+]= 32 nmol/l.
Diagnosis of his actual acid base status is:
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. Respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis
C. Respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis
D. Normal acid base status
E. Respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis

A

C. Respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis

25
Q

In a patient infused with 1 liter of the isotonic saline you will find:
A. Constriction of the glomerular efferent arteriole due to the increased sympathetic activity
B. Increased glomerular filtration rate
C. Constriction of the glomerular efferent arteriole due to increase of angiotensin ii
D. Constriction of the afferent arteriole due to the myogenic reaction
E. Increased glomerular blood flow

A

E. Increased glomerular blood flow

26
Q

In which acid base disorder development of brain edema is highly probable:
A. Respiratory acidosis
B. None of the listed
C. Metabolic alkalosis
D. Respiratory alkalosis
E. Metabolic acidosis

A

A. Respiratory acidosis

27
Q

In a patient with acute prerenal failure you will find the following changes, except:
A. Constriction of the efferent glomerular artery
B. Increased urinary sodium excretion
C. Reduced glomerular blood flow
D. Constriction of the afferent glomerular artery
E. Reduced glomerular filtration rate

A

B. Increased urinary sodium excretion

28
Q

Perivascular edema is formed when:
A. Hydrostatic pressure in the micro vessels decreases
B. In all listed situations
C. Lymphatic drainage of the interstitial space increases
D. Plasma oncotic pressure decreases
E. Micro vessel wall’s permeability decreases

A

D. Plasma oncotic pressure decreases

29
Q

Deficit of which hormone is responsible for anemia in the Uremic patient:
a. Parathormoe
B. Prolactin
C. Insulin
D. Erythropoietin
E. Glucagon

A

D. Erythropoietin

30
Q

In a patient with chronic obstructive lung disease which results in abnormal gas (oxygen and carbon dioxide) exchange in lungs you will find the following changes, except:
A. Reduced stimulation of the peripheral chemoreceptors
B. Increased ammonia synthesis in kidney
C. Low urine ph
D. Hypercapnia
E. Increased blood bicarbonates

A

A. Reduced stimulation of the peripheral chemoreceptors

Pathophysiology (5 decks)

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