BLOA - Discuss ethical considerations in research of genetic influences on behaviour

Question 1

ethical issues with genetic research

Answer 1

• participant awareness: the research can reveal unexpected and potentially harmful info regarding participants (e.g. true parentage, unrevealed adoptions, or being a carrier of a genetic disease) – Caspi and Moffitt (2012) longitudinal on MAOA gene in NZ
• coding of info: can be complex/misunderstood by participants, so one must carefully consider how participants are being informed of the nature of the research
• often uses animals to test gene theories/treatments – Rosenzweig and Bennett (1972) brain lesions on rats

Question 2

ethical consideration 1: participant awareness and cultural sensitivity

Answer 2

• The aims and procedure of the study must be explained in plain language
• informed consent must be given to show they have a clear understanding of what they’re participating in
• this includes any implications including potential harm
• some ethnic groups may disagree with genetic research on principle
• in these cases it is important to consult with group leaders before requesting consent
• the feelings of participants should always be considered

Question 3

ethical consideration 2: coding

Answer 3

• in order to protect participants, researchers can make the participant sample fully anonymous
• codes are assigned to the research material and only a select number of researchers will have access
• this prevents others from linking samples or information to particular people and protects confidentiality

problems:

• it also can limit the scientific value of the study
• as it prevents follow-up investigations

Question 4

ethical consideration 3: use of animals in research

Answer 4

• animals preferred above humans as there is less moral obligation involved
• can test some aspects that would be otherwise highly unethical to test in humans

Question 5

guidelines for use of animals in research

Answer 5

• refinement
• replacement
• reduction

Question 6

guidelines followed in use of animals: refinement

Answer 6

• animal research should be as focused as possible

- must be realistic + achievable aims with regard to expansion of information about that species

Question 7

guidelines followed in use of animals: replacement

Answer 7

• researchers should consider all options

- should always look for non-animal methods of investigation

Question 8

guidelines followed in use of animals: reduction

Answer 8

expose as few animals to pain, suffering, and distress as possible