Bleeding Symptoms Flashcards
It is the excessive bleeding that requires medical or physical intervention
Hemorrhage
Type of bleeding may result from primary (platelet- related) or secondary (coagulation factor-related) hemostasis disorders or from unregulated fibrinolysis in which clots are rapidly metabolized.
Congenital Bleeding
Bleeding from a single location usually indicates injury, infection, tumor, or an isolated blood vessel defect and is called
Localized bleeding or Localized hemorrhage
Give and example of localized bleeding
Inadequately cauterized or ineffectively sutured surgical site or an arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
This is a reduced platelet count (thrombocytopenia), or a coagulation factor deficiency cause systemic and not localized bleeding
Qualitative platelet defect
Bleeding from multiple sites, spontaneous and recurring bleeds, or a hemorrhage that requires physical intervention is called
Generalized bleeding
It is a potential evidence for a disorder of primary hemostasis such as a blood vessel or platelet defect or thrombocytopenia; or secondary hemostasis characterized by single or multiple coagulation factor deficiencies or uncontrolled fibrinolysis.
Generalized bleeding
Generalized bleeding may exhibit either _ or _
Mucutaneous (typically in skin or at body orifices) or anatomic (soft tissue, muscle, joints, deep tissue)
Red pin points (<3mm)
Petechiae
Purple skin lesions (3mm to 1cm)
Purpura
Greater than 1 cm, typically seen after trauma
Ecchymoses (bruises)
Other symptoms of a primary hemostasis defect include:
- Bleeding from the gums,
- Epistaxis (uncontrolled nosebleed)
- Hematemesis (vomiting of blood),
- Blood in the urine or stool
- Menorrhagia (profuse menstrual flow)
Mucocutaneous hemorrhage is most likely to be associated with
- Thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 150,000/uL
- Qualitative platelet dsd.
- vWF dse.
- Vascular dsd. (scurvy or telangiectasia)
Seen in acquired or congenital defects in secondary hemostasis such as plasma coagulation factor deficiencies (coagulopathies)
Anatomic Hemorrhage
Examples of anatomic bleeding include:
- Recurrent or excessive bleeding after minor trauma
- Dental extraction
- Surgical procedure.
Bleeds that are internal, such as bleeds into joints, body cavities, muscles, or the central nervous system, and may have few initially discernible signs.
Anatomic bleeds
Cause swelling and acute pain; may not be immediately perceived as hemorrhages,
Joint bleeds (Hemathroses)
Cause inflammation that may culminate in permanent cartilage damage that immobilizes the joint.
Recurrent hemarthroses
May cause nerve compression and subsequent temporary or permanent loss of function
Bleeds into soft tissues such as muscle or fat
Bleeds into the kidney may present as hematuria and may be associated with
Acute Renal Failure
This test isessential whenever a generalized mucocutaneous or anatomic bleed is detected
Hemostasis laboratory testing
Assess anemia associated with chronic bleeding or a hemolytic anemia; bone marrow response
Hemoglobin, Hematocrit, Reticulocyte count
Assesses thrombocytopenia
Platelet count
Assess clotting time prolonged in deficiencies of
factors II (prothrombin), V, VII, or X
Prothrombin Time (PTT)
