bladder surgery Flashcards
what contains the ureter?
lateral ligament
what does the ventral ligament contain?
the urachus
which ligament can be cut during surgery and not have any negative effects?
the ventral ligament because it only contains the urachus which is not important once no longer a fetus
what are some urachal abnormalities ?
- persistent urachus
- vesico-uracheal diverticulum
- urachal cyst
- urachal sinus
true or false.
severity of emergency in cases of bladder rupture depend on how it was acquired.
false! ALWAYS emergency
how do we diagnose bladder rupture?
- positive contrast urethrocystogram - most reliable
- radiographs
- ultrasound
what is the indication for a tube cystostomy ?
the need for urinary diversion, ex. - when unable to catherterize in LUT obstruction or bladder trauma surgery
what are the complications of tube cystostomy ?
- accidental tube removal
- breakage of mushroom tip
- fistula
- urine leaking around tube
when is a cystopexy indicated ?
- tube cystostomy
- perineal hernia
- urinary incontinence associated with pelvic bladder
how is a cystopexy performed?
attach the bladder wall to the abdominal wall with two lines of sutures
what are the most common types of cystic calculi ?
- struvite - most common
- calcium oxalate
- urate
- cystine
what are the clinical signs of cystic calculi ?
similar to LUTD, large bladder, may be able to feel large calculi, UTI common
how do you diagnose cystic calculi?
- pneumocystography
- double contrast cystography
- radiographs
- ultrasound
what are the non-surgical treatments for cystic calculi ?
- hydropropulsion
- transurethral cystoscopy
- dietary modification
what is the surgical treatment for cystic calculi ?
cystotomy
what approach should cystotomy use?
ventral approach
what is important to remember when draping the patient for a cystotomy?
males need the prepuce draped in the field in case we need to access it
what is the best way to handle tissue during a cystotomy?
stay sutures - less traumatic
what type of suture should we use for cystotomy ?
PDS, monocryl, something absorbable
what is polypoid cystitis ?
rare disease that affects mucosa and resembles TCC but is non-neoplastic
how do you diagnose polypoid cystitis ?
- ultrasound
- cyctoscope
- biopsy
how do you treat polypoid cystitis ?
surgery
what is the most common bladder tumor of the dog?
transitional cell carcinoma
what is the most common bladder tumor of the cat?
transitional cell carcinoma
how does TCC differ in cats and dogs?
found mostly in the trigone in dogs and the apex in cats
how do you treat TCC ?
- partial cystectomy
- salvage procedures like utererocolonic anastomosis or ureterouterine anastomosis
how do you diagnose TCC?
- radiographs
- ultrasound
- transurethral biopsy
- BTAT
what is a disadvantage of using BTAT to diagnose TCC?
high amount of false positives
