Blacklisting of terrorists Flashcards
NEWS
China’s recent move to block a proposal at the United Nations (UN) to designate a Pakistan-based LeT terrorist as a global terrorist has drawn attention and raised concerns among the international community.
In September 2022, China had put a hold on the proposal to designate the terrorist at the UN.
What is the Concern Raised Regarding China’s Decision to Block the Proposal?
The blocked proposal, brought forward by India and the United States, aimed to blacklist a wanted individual for his involvement in the 26/11 Mumbai terror attacks, under the 1267 Al Qaeda Sanctions Committee of the UN Security Council.
This is not the first time China has blocked efforts to blacklist Pakistan-based terrorists under the UN Security Council’s sanctions committee.
China has consistently placed holds on listings that target individuals associated with terrorism in Pakistan including in 2009, 2016, 2017.
China’s actions have raised concerns among countries that seek to combat terrorism globally, as it appears to prioritise its relationship with Pakistan over international security cooperation.
It also highlights the challenges of achieving consensus within the UN Security Council on sensitive issues related to terrorism.
What is the 1267 Al Qaeda Sanctions Committee?
The committee is part of the UN Security Council and its job is to implement international sanctions against terrorists.
The other two committees with similar roles are the Counter-Terrorism Committee and the Security Council Committee.
The Al Qaeda committee was established as the Al-Qaida and Taliban Sanctions Committee on October 15, 1999, after Security Council Resolution 1267 designated al-Qaeda and the Taliban as terrorist bodies.
In 2011, a separate committee was formed for the Taliban.
Under the Committee regime, any UN member state can propose the name of an individual or group to be designated as a terrorist.
Decisions are made by consensus in the 1267 Sanctions Committee, which comprises all members of the UNSC.
A committee member can block blacklisting proposals by raising objections or applying a “technical hold” on a proposal.
An individual or entity listed as a terrorist is subjected to an assets freeze, travel ban, and arms embargo.
FATF
The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) will hold its Plenary meeting in Orlando, Florida from 16th-21st June wherein it could take up a proposal to downgrade Pakistan to the blacklist on terrorist financing from its current greylisted status.
The FATF is an inter-governmental body that works to set standards and promote effective implementation of legal, regulatory and operational measures for combating money laundering, terrorist financing and other related threats to the integrity of the international financial system.
A country is put on the grey list when it fails to curb terrorism financing and money laundering.
Putting a country on the blacklist means shutting all doors to international finance for that country.
Pakistan’s status
Pakistan has been under the FATF’s scanner since June, 2018, when it was put on the greylist for terror financing and money laundering risks, after an assessment of its financial system and law enforcement mechanisms.
In June 2018, Pakistan gave a high-level political commitment to work with the FATF and the Asia Pacific Group (APG) to strengthen its anti-money laundering/combating the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) regime.
Based on this commitment, Pakistan and the FATF agreed on the monitoring of 27 indicators under a 10-point action plan, with deadlines.
Successful implementation of the action plan and its physical verification by the APG will move Pakistan out of the greylist; failure by Pakistan will result in its blacklisting by September 2019.
FATF wants to see effective implementation of targeted financial sanctions against all terrorists designated under UN Security Council Resolutions 1267 and 1373.
The Joint Group of the APG has recently informed Pakistan that the country’s compliance on 18 of the 27 indicators is unsatisfactory, though the FATF has agreed that there have been improvements in the AML/CFT regime and the integrated database for currency declaration arrangements.
At least three votes (out of 36) would be needed to block a move to blacklist Pakistan. Pakistan may make a diplomatic push to thwart blacklisting.
Impact of being blacklisted
Pakistan’s $6 billion loan agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) could be threatened.
Pakistan faces an estimated annual loss of $10 billion if it stays in the greylist; if blacklisted, its already fragile economy will dealt with a powerful blow.
INDIA’S ROLE
India is a voting member of the FATF and APG, and co-chair of the Joint Group.
India was not part of the group that moved the resolution to greylist Pakistan in 2018 in Paris. The movers were the US, UK, France, and Germany and China did not oppose.
As of now, India is pushing for Pakistan to be blacklisted.
There is also an opinion that by keeping Pakistan in the grey list one can continue to pressure the country as well as scrutinise its actions.
Asia Pacific Group
The Asia/Pacific Group on Money Laundering is an inter-governmental organisation, consisting of 41 member jurisdictions, focused on ensuring that its members effectively implement the international standards against money laundering, terrorist financing and proliferation financing related to weapons of mass destruction.
UN Security Council Resolutions 1267 and 1373
The UNSC resolution 1267 was adopted unanimously on October 15, 1999. It is a consolidated list of people and entities that UN has determined as being associated with Al Qaeda or the Taliban, and laws which must be passed within each member nation to implement the sanctions.
The UNSC Resolution 1373 was adopted on 28th September, 2001. It declares international terrorism a threat to international peace and security and imposes binding obligations on all UN member states.
