BK Chapter 2 Definitions Flashcards
Reductions in the average cost of a unit of production as the total volume produced increases
Economies of Scale
A classical management approach that attempted to build into operations the specific procedures and processes that would ensure coordination of effort to achieve established goals and plans
Systematic Management
A classical management approach that applied scientific methods to analyze and determine the “one best way” to complete production tasks
Scientific Management
A classical management approach emphasizing a structured, formal network of relationships among specialized positions in the organization
Bureaucracy
A classical management approach that attempted to identify major principles and functions that managers could use to achieve superior organizational performance
Administrative Management
A classical management approach that attempted to understand and explain how human psychological and social processes interact with the formal aspects of the work situation to influence performance
Human Relations
People’s reactions to being observed or studied, resulting in superficial rather than meaningful changes in behavior
Hawthorne Effect
An approach to job design that attempts to redesign tasks to optimize operation of a new technology while preserving employees’ interpersonal relationships and other human aspects of the work
Sociotechnical systems theory
A contemporary management approach that emphasizes the application of quantitative analysis to managerial decisions and problems
Quantitative Management
A contemporary management approach that studies and identifies management activities that promote employee effectiveness by examining the complex and dynamic nature of individual, group, and organizational processes
Organizational Behavior
Materials and other resources that organizations take in from the external environment and transform into goods and services
Inputs
The products (goods and services) and services organizations create
Outputs
A theory stating that an organization is a managed system that changes inputs into output
Systems Theory
An approach to the study of management proposing that the managerial strategies, structures, and processes that result in high performance depend on the characteristics, or important contingencies, or the situation in which they are applied
Contingency Perspective
Factors that determine that appropriateness of managerial actions
Contingencies
