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Pre-Reg Exam > Bits to Know > Flashcards

Bits to Know Flashcards

1
Q

Hepatotoxic Drugs

A
  • Statins
  • Sodium Valproate
  • Methotrexate
  • Flucloxacillin
  • Carbamazepine
  • Sulfasalazine
  • Paracetamol
  • Doxycycline, Tetracycline, Lymecycline, Oxytet
  • Azathioprine, Mercaptopurine
  • Isoniazid
  • Fluconazole, Itraconazole
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2
Q

Nephrotoxic Drugs

A
  • NSAIDs
  • Bisphosphonates
  • Cephalosporins
  • Aciclovir
  • Ciclosporin
  • Gentamicin, Vancomycin
  • Trimethoprim
  • Tacrolimus, Penacillamine
  • Methotrexate
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3
Q

Drugs with Anticoagulant Effects

A
  • Acenocouramol, Warfarin
  • DOACs
  • Heparin/LMWH
  • Clot Busters - alteplase, streptokinase, urokinase
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4
Q

Drugs with Anti-platelet Effects

A
  • SSRI/SNRIs - Citalopram, Duloxetine, Escitalopram, Fluoxetine, Venlafaxine, Sertraline, Paroxetine
  • NSAIDs - Aspirin, Naproxen, Diclofenac
  • Antiplatelets - Clopidogrel, Prasugrel, Dipyridamole
  • Omega 3
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5
Q

Drugs that cause Thromboembolism

A
  • Chemotherapy Drugs - fluorouracil, tamoxifen, methotrexate
  • Tranexamic Acid
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6
Q

Drugs that cause Bradycardia

A
  • Βeta Blockers
  • Rate-Limiting CCBs - Verapamil/Diltiazem
  • Amiodarone, Digoxin
  • Opioids - alfentanil, fentanyl, methadone
  • Dementia Drugs - donepezil, galantamine
  • Parkinson’s Drugs - rivastigmine, selegiline
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7
Q

Drugs that cause FIRST DOSE Hypotension

A
  • ACE
  • ARBs
  • Alpha Blockers
  • Tamsulosin (C/I in postural hypotension)
  • Nitrates - GTN + Isosorbide
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8
Q

Drugs that cause hypotension

A
  • ACE, ARBs, Β Blockers, CCBs, Alpha Blockers, Diuretics
  • Nitrates
  • SGLT2
  • Phosphodiesterase - Sildenafil, Avanafil
  • Levodopa, Methyldopa
  • Antipsychotics (postural hypotension)
  • Tamsulosin
  • MOA Inhibitors
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9
Q

Interactions - Drug Inducers

A

CRAP GPS

  • Carbamazepine
  • Rifampicin
  • Alcohol
  • Phenytoin
  • Griseofulvin
  • Phenobarbitone
  • St John’s Wart
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10
Q

Interactions - Drug Inhibitors

A

SICKFACES.COM

  • Sodium Valproate
  • Isoniazid
  • Cimetidine
  • Ketoconazole
  • Fluconazole
  • Alcohol + Grapfruite Juice
  • Chloramphenicol
  • Erythromycin/Clarithromycin
  • Sulfonamides
  • Ciprofloxacin
  • Omeprazole
  • Metronidazole
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11
Q

Drugs that prolong the QT interval

A
  • Amiodarone, Sotalol
  • Citalopram, Escitalopram, Venlafaxine
  • Clarithromycin, Erythromycin
  • Lithium
  • Flecainide
  • Ondansetron
  • Quinine
  • Hydroxyzine
  • Antipsychotics
  • Fluconazole, Voriconazole
  • Methadone
  • Ranolazine
  • Tolterodine
  • Sildenafil
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12
Q

Drugs with antimuscarinic effects

A
  • Inhaled Antimuscarinics (-ium)
  • Hydroxyzine
  • Hyoscine, Promethazine, Chlorphenamine
  • Cyclizine
  • Trospium, Oxybutynin, Solifenacin, Tolterodine
  • Procyclidine
  • Nortriptyline, Amitryptiline
  • Baclofen
  • Amantadine
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13
Q

Drugs with CNS depressant effects

A
  • Alcohol
  • Opioids
  • TCAs
  • Benzos
  • Z Drugs, Melatonin
  • Mirtazapine
  • Antipsychotics
  • Baclofen
  • Cinnarizine, Clorphenamine, Cyclizine
  • AEDs - Levetiracetam, Lamotrigine
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14
Q

Drugs that cause peripheral neuropathy

A
  • Amiodarone
  • Disulifram
  • Isoniazid
  • Metronidazole
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Phenytoin
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15
Q

Drugs that cause serotonin syndrome

A
  • SSRIs, SNRIs, Mirtazapine
  • MOA/B Inhibitors - Selegiline, Rasagiline
  • Triptans
  • Tramadol, Fentanyl, Methadone, Pethidine
  • Ondansetron
  • Amfetamines
  • Lithium
  • St John’s Wort
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16
Q

Drugs that cause bone marrow suppression

A
  • Sulfasalazine
  • Azathioprine/Mercaptopurine
  • Methotrexate
  • Immunoglobulins
  • Chemotherapy
  • All chemo except bleomycin + vinca
17
Q

Drugs that cause HYPER kalaemia

A
  • NSAIDs
  • ACE/ARBs
  • Trimethoprim
  • Tacrolimus
  • K Sparing Diuretics
  • Ciclosporin
  • LMWHs
18
Q

Drugs that cause HYPO kalaemia

A
  • Aminophylline/Theophylline
  • Diuretics (Furosemide, Indapamide, Thiazides)
  • Corticosteroids (Pred, Beclomethasone)
  • Β Agonists (Salbutamol, Formoterol)
  • Amphotericin B
19
Q

Drugs that cause HYPO natraemia

A
  • SSRI/SNRI
  • NSAIDs
  • All Diuretics
  • Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline
  • Carbamazepine
  • Desmopressin
  • Gabapentin
20
Q

Drugs that cause ototoxicity

A
  • Vancomycin, Gentamicin
  • Furosemide, Bumetanide (LOOPS)
  • Chemo - cisplatin, vincristine etc.
21
Q

Drugs that are teratogenic/avoid in pregnancy

A
  • Warfarin
  • Statins (discontinue 3 months before conceiving, protection during + 1 month after)
  • Colchicine
  • Exemestane
  • Finasteride (to male foetus), Dutasteride
  • Sodium Valproate
  • Methotrexate - 6 months after
  • Mycophenolate - 6 weeks/90 days after for women/men respectively
  • Aza/Mercaptopurine
  • Tacrolimus, Ciclosporin
  • Tretinoins
  • Ondansetron 1st Tri = cleft palate
  • ALL antihypertensives except Labetalol
  • ALL AEDs except lamotrigine + levetiracetam
  • Tetracyclines
  • Chloramphenicol
  • Vitamin A (Retinol)
  • Lithium
  • Oestrogens/Progestorens
22
Q

Common Infections + Causative Organisms

A

Otitis Media
- Strep pneumonia

Eyes

  • Staph aureus
  • Neisseria gonorrhoea
  • Chlamydia trachmoatis

CAP (Lower Infection)

  • Strep pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus influenza

Upper Resp Infection

  • Strep pyogenes
  • Haemophilus influenza

Sinusitis

  • Strep pneumonia
  • Haemophilus influenza

Skin

  • Staph aureus
  • Strep pyogenes

Gastritis

  • H pylori
  • C diff

Food Poisoning

  • Campylobacter jejune
  • Salmonella
  • E Coli

UTI
- E Coli

STI

  • Chlamydia
  • Neisseria gonorrhoea
23
Q

Drugs to Withhold in AKI

A
  • ACE/ARBs
  • Metformin
  • Diuretics
  • NSAIDs
  • Tramadol, Gabapentin, Pregabalin - renally cleared
  • Bisphosphonates, Lithium, Digoxin
24
Q

Key Food/Drink-Drug Interactions

A
  • Levothyroxine + Caffeine Drugs
  • Cranberry/Pomegranate, Green Veg + Warfarin
  • Grapefruit + Amlodipine, Statins
  • Bisphosphonates + Ca (Milk/Supplements)
  • MAOIs and Tyramine Foods
  • Theophylline, Clozapine, Olanzapine + Smoking
  • Theophylline + Caffiene
  • Ciprofloxacin, Tetracyclines + Dairy products
  • Metronidazole + Alcohol
  • Lithium + changes to salt
  • Ciclosporin + Grapefruit, Pomelo, Purple Grape
  • Tacrolimus + Grapefruit, Pomelo + Pomegranate
  • Amiodarone + Grapefruit
25
Q

Drugs to be taken WITH/AFTER food

A
  • Rivaroxaban
  • Mefloquine/Atovquone
  • Iron (should be empty stomach but GI effects)
  • Metformin
  • NSAIDs
  • Steroids
  • Allopurinol (N&V)
  • Metronidazole
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Clarithromycin
  • Pivmecillinam
26
Q

Drugs to avoid indigestion/antacid remedies

PPIs 
Tetracyclines 
Quinolones 
Bisphosphonates 
Levothyroxine
A
  • PPIs - affects pH
  • Levothyroxine - separate by at least 4 hours
  • Doxycycline, Lymecycline - seperate by 2-3 hours
  • Bisphosphonates - binds to calcium
  • Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin (2 hours before/4 hours after)
  • Digoxin - separate by 2 hours
  • Fexofenadine - separate by 2 hours
  • Gabapentin - separate by 2 hours
  • Hydroxychloroquine/
    Chloroquine - 4 horus
  • Iron - 1 hour before/2 hours after
  • Azoles - 2 hours before/1 hour after
27
Q

Drugs most likely to cause Steven Johnson’s Syndrome

A
  • Allopurinol
  • Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin
  • Sulfasalazine
  • Gentamicin
  • Sulfa Abx
  • Oxicam NSAIDs
28
Q

Drugs that cause taste disturbances

A
  • Metformin
  • Metronidazole
  • Chlorhexidine
  • Amoxicillin
  • Amiodarone
  • Calcitonin
  • Carbimazole
  • ACE inhibitors
  • Clarithromycin
  • Zopiclone
  • Lithium Salts
  • Terbinafine
29
Q

Drugs to be taken ON AN EMPTY STOMACH

A
  • PPIs - take 30 minute before food for pH control
  • Flucloxacillin + Pen V
  • Levothyroxine
  • Bisphosphonates (wait 30 mins after)
  • Azithromycin (Caps)
  • Tetracycline/Oxytetracycline
30
Q

Drugs to avoid sunlight/exposure

A
  • Doxycycline
  • Amiodarone
  • Quinolones
  • Isotretinoin
  • Tacrolimus
  • Ciclosporin
31
Q

Drugs that cause dyspepsia

A
  • Alpha Blockers
  • Antimuscarinics
  • Aspirin/NSAIDs
  • Β Blockers
  • Bisphosphonates
  • CCBs
  • Corticosteroids
  • Nitrates - Nicorandil
  • Theophylline
  • TCAs
  • Benzos
32
Q

Drugs that cause intracranial hypertension?

A
  • Amiodarone
  • Ciclosporin
  • Tetracyclines
  • Isotretinoin
  • Steroids
  • COC
33
Q

Drugs that cause gingival hyperplasia

A
  • Ciclosporin
  • CCBs
  • Phenytoin

Pre-Reg Exam (8 decks)

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