Birth of Modern Psychology

Question 1

Define: Empirical Evidence

Answer 1

Evidence gathered by observation, experimentation, and measurement.

Question 2

What would you call fortune-telling, hand-writing analysis, numerology, and astrology?

Answer 2

Pseudoscience

Question 3

Who is the “Founder of Modern Medicine”?

Answer 3

Greek Physician Hippocrates

Question 4

Why have the forerunners of Psychology performed terrible mistakes and blunders?

Answer 4

Because scholars of the past did not rely on empirical evidence

Question 5

What did the study of “Phrenology” entail?

Answer 5

Phrenology was the belief that different brain areas accounted for personality traits, and that these traits could be read from bumps of the skull.

Question 6

In 1879, who established the 1st psychological lab in Leipzig, and promoted Trained Introspection?

Answer 6

Wilheim Wundt

Question 7

What early approach to psychology studies the function or purpose of a behavior, as opposed to its analysis and description?

Answer 7

Functionalism

Question 8

Who was a forerunner of Functionalism?

Answer 8

William James. An American philosopher, physician, and psychologist; inspired by Charles Darwin.

Question 9

Where was Psychotherapy first developed?

Answer 9

Vienna, Austria

Question 10

Whose original ideas evolved into a broad theory of personality, and method of treating people became known as Psychoanalysis?

Answer 10

Sigmund Freud

Question 11

In psychology’s present, what are 5 major theoretical perspectives about the human mind and behavior?

Answer 11

Biological Perspective
Learning Perspective
Cognitive Perspective
Sociocultural Perspective
Psychodynamic Perspective

Question 12

Which theoretical perspective studies biological factors, genes, and bodily events in how they affect behavior, feelings, and thoughts?

Answer 12

Biological Perspective

Question 13

What modern study of psychology follows in the footsteps of early Functionalism by focusing on how our genetically influenced behaviors of our past are reflected in our present behaviors?

Answer 13

Evolutionary Psychology

Question 14

Which theoretical perspective studies how the environment and experience affect a person’s actions?

Answer 14

Learning Perspective

Question 15

What study of psychology focuses on the environmental rewards and punishments that maintain or discourage certain behaviors?

Answer 15

Behaviorism

Question 16

What do Social Cognitive Learning Theorists study?

Answer 16

They combine behaviorism with research on thoughts, values, and intentions. They believe people learn by adapting their behavior to environment, imitating others, and thinking about events around them.

Question 17

Which theoretical perspective studies how people reason, remember, understand language, solve problems, explain experiences, acquire moral standards, and form beliefs?

Answer 17

Cognitive Perspective

Question 18

What does the Sociocultural Perspective focus on?

Answer 18

Social and cultural forces outside of an individual and how they shape every aspect of behavior.

Question 19

Which theoretical perspective focuses on unconscious dynamics within the individual, such as inner forces, conflicts, or instinctual energy?

Answer 19

Psychodynamic Perspective

Question 20

What sets psychology apart from non-scientific explanations of the human experience?

Answer 20

Its rigorous standards of proof