Bipolar Disorder And Dementia Flashcards
What are the 3 types of Acute Treatment for Bipolar Disorder?
Benzodiazepines
Antipyschotic Drugs
Adding in Lithium or Sodium Valproate
What are the most common Antipsychotic drugs used for Acute Treatment of Bipolar Disorder?
Quetiapine, Olanzapine or Risperidone
What are the Therapeutic ranges for Lithium?
Regular Range: 0.4-1mmol/L
During Acute Episodes: 0.8-1mmol/L
How often should you measure a patients Lithium levels?
12 hours after a dos
Then weekly till stable, then 3 monthly for year 1, then 6 monthly after that.
What are signs of Lithium Toxicity:
REVENG:
Reanl Impairment - Incontinence
Extra Pyramidal Side Effects - Tremors
Visual Disturbances - Blurred Vission
Nervous System Disorder - Confusion and Restlessness
GI disorder - Diarrhoea and Vomiting
Which sign of toxicity is specific to Lithium?
Tremors
What are normal side effects of Lithium?
Thyroid Disorder
Nephrotoxicity
Rhabdomylosis
QT Prolongation
Benign Intercranial Hypertension
1st Trimester = Teratogenic
What are common Lithium Interactions?
Hyponatraemia (diuretics) increases risk of toxicity - salt and fluid levels need to be maintained.
Serotonin Syndrome
Extrapyramidal Side effects
QT prolongation
Renally cleared drugs (increased risk of toxicity)
Reduced seizure threshold
Hypokalaemia
What is the mechanism of action to treat Dementia?
Increasing the amount of acetylcholine
What class of medication is used to treat mild to moderate Dementia?
Give 3 examples
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Donepezil
Rivastigimine
Galantamine
What is used to treat moderate to severe Dementia?
Memantine
What is used to treat aggravation caused by Dementia?
Antipsychotics
What are the 8 side effects of Dementia Medication/Treatment?
DUMBBELS
Diarrhoea
Urinary Incontinece
Muscle Weakness
Bradycardia
Bronchospasms
Emesis
Lacrimation
Salivation
