Bipolar disorder Flashcards
What are the diagnostic criteria for Bipolar Disorder Type 1?
At least one manic episode (major depression common but not required)
What are the diagnostic criteria for Bipolar Disorder Type 2?
At least one hypomanic episode and must also meet the full diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder
What are the symptoms of a manic episode?
a. elevated, expansive and irritable mood
b. at least 3 symptoms:
1. inflated self-esteem and grandiosity
2. decreased need for sleep
3. increased amount of talking
4. racing thoughts
5. increased distractability
6. increase of goal directed behaviour
7. increase in risky/impulsive behaviour
c. at least 1 week almost every day
What are the symptoms of hypomania?
Similar to manic symptoms but less severe and only need 4 days to diagnose
Why is BP2 difficult to diagnose?
Because people go from severe depression to seemingly just “feeling better”
What is the epidemiology of bipolar disorder?
- affects 1-3% of the population
- mean age of onset is 17-30 years old
- females are more diagnosed with BP2 than men
- comorbid with ADHD, anxiety disorders, substance abuse disorders, and personality disorders
What is the biggest difference between bipolar and borderline personality disorder?
borderline = reactivity to interpersonal stressors that are the cause of the mood swings
What is the percentage of youth that are diagnosed with BPD?
2% for bp1 and 0.6% for bp2
- the earlier the diagnosis, the worse the prognosis over the lifetime
What is the diagnostic criteria for cyclothemia?
at least 2 years of mild hypomania and subthreshold depression (where criteria for both of these has never been met)
What is the etiology of bipolar disorder?
85% heritability (the disorder with the highest genetic basis)
- genes are still unknown
What are the risk factors for bipolar disorder?
- genetics
- childhood trauma
- exposure to adverse events in the womb
What is one hypothesis for bipolar disorder?
It is associated with an overly sensitive reward system
