Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

YEAR 2 Mental Health > Bipolar Disorder > Flashcards

Bipolar Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

List the 5 disorders in the bipolar spectrum

A
  1. Major depression
  2. Sub-syndromal depression
  3. Sub-syndromal elevated mood
  4. Hypomania
  5. Mania
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What disorders are included in Bipolar Disorder Type 1?

A
  1. Major depression
  2. Sub-syndromal depression
  3. Sub-syndromal elevated mood
  4. Hypomania
  5. Mania
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What disorders are included in Bipolar Disorder Type 2?

A
  1. Major depression
  2. Sub-syndromal depression
  3. Sub-syndromal elevated mood
  4. Hypomania
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What disorders are included in Cyclothymia?

A
  1. Sub-syndromal depression
  2. Sub-syndromal elevated mood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do we know if the symptoms of a disorder are ‘normal’ subjectively?

List 3 questions we would normally ask

A
  1. Have I had them?
  2. Have my friends had them?
  3. Do they seem ‘normal’?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do we know if the symptoms of a disorder are ‘normal’ objectively?

List 4 questions we would normally ask

A
  1. Are they on a continuum, i.e. part of a ‘normal’ distribution?
  2. Do people without a disorder experience them?
  3. Can a person experience them and function effectively?
  4. Can they be explained by within ‘normal’ accounts of cognitive functioning?
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe of Udachina & Mansell’s (2007) study on Self-reported History of Hypomanic Symptoms in a Student Population

List 2 points

A
  1. Mood Disorder Questionnaire is a self-report inventory that screens for a lifetime history of (hypo)manic experiences
  2. Study sample (n = 167 first-year psychology undergraduate students)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a Mood Disorder Questionnaire?

A

A self-report inventory that screens for a lifetime history of (hypo)manic experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A self-report inventory that screens for a lifetime history of (hypo)manic experiences

This is known as…?

A

Mood Disorder Questionnaire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 characterisations of mood episodes in bipolar disorder?

A
  1. The mood episode is associated with an unequivocal change in functioning that is uncharacteristic of the person when not symptomatic
  2. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
  3. The disturbance in mood and change in functioning is observable by others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mood episodes in bipolar disorder is associated with …?

A

An unequivocal change in functioning that is uncharacteristic of the person when not symptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the symptoms of major depression?

List 3 points

A
  1. At least 2 weeks of:

Depressed mood, most of the day, nearly every day

and/or

  1. Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day
  2. Plus at least three symptoms:
  • Significant change in appetite or weight
  • Insomnia or hypersomnia
  • Psychomotor agitation / retardation
  • Fatigue or loss of energy
  • Feelings of worthlessness and/or inappropriate guilt
  • Diminished ability to think of concentrate
  • Recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt, or a specific plan for committing suicide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the symptoms of mania?

List 4 points

A
  1. At least 1 week of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood

And

  1. Abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy
  2. Plus at least three or more of:
  • Inflated self esteem / grandiosity
  • Decreased need for sleep
  • More talkative than usual, pressure of speech
  • Flight of ideas, thoughts racing
  • Distractibility
  • Increased in goal-directed activity/physical agitation
  • Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that may have high potential for painful consequences
  1. Mania must lead to marked impairment in social or occupational functioning, hospitalisation, or psychosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Mania must lead to…?

List 3 things

A
  1. Impairment in social or occupational functioning
  2. Hospitalisation
  3. Psychosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Leads to:

  1. Impairment in social or occupational functioning
  2. Hospitalisation
  3. Psychosis

Which disorder does this apply to?

A

Mania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the symptoms of hypomania?

List 3 points

A
  1. At least 4 days of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive or irritable mood

And

  1. Abnormally and persistently increased activity or energy
  2. Plus at least three or more of:
  • Inflated self esteem / grandiosity
  • Decreased need for sleep
  • More talkative than usual, pressure of speech
  • Flight of ideas, thoughts racing
  • Distractibility
  • Increased in goal-directed activity/physical agitation
  • Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that may have high potential for painful consequences
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

A milder version of mania that typically lasts for a shorter period

This is known as…?

A

Hypomania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the 4 predictors of relapse in bipolar disorder

A
  1. Stressful interpersonal life events
  2. High ‘Expressed Emotion’ (hostility, overprotectiveness, criticism) in family members
  3. Disrupted social rhythm events including sleep changes
  4. Goal-attainment Events *manic symptoms and not depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  1. Stressful interpersonal life events
  2. High ‘Expressed Emotion’ (hostility, overprotectiveness, criticism) in family members
  3. Disrupted social rhythm events including sleep changes
  4. Goal-attainment Events *manic symptoms and not depression

What do these predict?

A

Relapse in bipolar disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the symptoms of cyclothymia?

List 3 points

A
  1. For at least 2 years:
    numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms not meeting threshold for hypomanic episodes
  2. Numerous periods of depressed mood / loss of interest that do not meet depression
  3. The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in:
  • Social
  • Occupational
  • Or other important areas of functioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the symptoms of other specified bipolar disorder?

List 8 points

A
  1. Short-duration hypomanic like episodes (2-3 days) and major depressive episodes
  2. Hypomanic-like episodes with insufficient symptoms and major depressive episodes
  3. Hypomanic episodes without prior major depressive episode(s)
  4. Short-duration cyclothymia
  5. Short-duration manic-like episodes
  6. Unable to determine whether bipolar or related disorder is primary
  7. Other (describe)
  8. Unspecified
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the Bipolar At Risk (BAR) Criteria?

List 3 points

A
  1. Early detection of BD has focused on familial risk & identification of state-trait factors
  2. Standardised Bipolar At Risk (BAR) criteria developed by Bechdolf & colleagues (2010):

Youth (15-25) experiencing:

  • Short duration (and/or less symptoms) high mood
  • Short duration (and/or less symptoms) high & low mood
  • First degree relative with BD plus low mood
  1. BAR criteria has predictive validity, can be reliably assessed in an NHS context, & holds clinical utility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Early detection of BD has focused on ____ and ____

A
  1. Familial risk
  2. Identification of state-trait factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Early detection of ___ has focused on:

  1. Familial risk
  2. Identification of state-trait factors
A

Bipolar disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Who developed the Standardised Bipolar At Risk (BAR) criteria?

A

Bechdolf & colleagues (2010)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Describe the Standardised Bipolar At Risk (BAR) criteria developed by Bechdolf & colleagues (2010)

List 3 points

A

Youth (15-25) experiencing:

  1. Short duration (and/or less symptoms) high mood
  2. Short duration (and/or less symptoms) high & low mood
  3. First degree relative with BD plus low mood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

True or False?

Bipolar At Risk (BAR) Criteria does not have predictive validity

A

False

Bipolar At Risk (BAR) Criteria has predictive validity

It can be reliably assessed in an NHS context and holds clinical utility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Bipolar disorder affects __% of the population

a. 10-15%
b. 8-12%
c. 4-7%
d. 1-3%

A

d. 1-3%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the average duration of illness (DUI) for bipolar disorder?

A

6-10 years, or longer for onset in adolescence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Longer average duration of illness (DUI) for bipolar disorder is associated with ___ and ___

A
  1. More mood episodes
  2. Higher risks of suicide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is associated with:

  1. More mood episodes
  2. Higher risks of suicide
A

Longer average duration of illness (DUI) for bipolar disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Which disorder has the average duration of illness (DUI) of 6-10 years?

A

Bipolar disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

The economic impact of Bipolar Disorder in the UK is projected to be £____ by 2026

a. £8.2 billion
b. £4.9 million
c. £14.7 million
d. £5.1 billion

A

a. £8.2 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Economic impact of what disorder in the UK is projected to be £8.2 billion by 2026?

A

Bipolar disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the 3 biological factors contributing to bipolar disorder?

A
  1. High heritability
  2. Separate heritability of mania & depression
  3. Genes for mania may involve reward pathways, i.e. dopamine function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q
  1. High heritability
  2. Separate heritability of mania & depression
  3. Genes for mania may involve reward pathways, i.e. dopamine function

These are the biological factors of which disorder?

A

Bipolar disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

According to the NICE guidelines, what 2 steps are involved in primary care of bipolar disorder?

A
  1. Review treatment & care, including medication (e.g. antidepressant medication)
  2. Offer choice of an evidence-based psychological intervention developed for BD (e.g. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Interpersonal Therapy, or Family Focused Therapy)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

According to the NICE guidelines, what 2 steps are involved in secondary care of bipolar disorder?

A
  1. Pharmacological interventions:

If mania or hypomania develops and the person is taking antidepressants, consider stopping the antidepressant and offer an antipsychotic

  1. Offer evidence-based psychological intervention
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

According to the NICE guidelines, when should we implement secondary care for bipolar patients?

A

When the patient experiences deterioration in depressive symptoms, signs of hypomania, or mania (refer urgently)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

When the patient experiences deterioration in depressive symptoms, signs of hypomania, or mania (refer urgently), what type of care is needed?

a. Primary care
b. Secondary care
c. None of the above

A

b. Secondary care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Offer choice of an evidence-based psychological intervention developed for BD (e.g. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Interpersonal Therapy, or Family Focused Therapy)

What type of care does this apply to?

a. Primary care
b. Secondary care
c. None of the above

A

a. Primary care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Pharmacological interventions

What type of care does this apply to?

a. Primary care
b. Secondary care
c. None of the above

A

b. Secondary care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

If mania or hypomania develops and the person is taking antidepressants, consider stopping the antidepressant and offer an antipsychotic

What type of care does this apply to?

a. Primary care
b. Secondary care
c. None of the above

A

b. Secondary care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Review treatment & care, including medication (e.g. antidepressant
medication)

What type of care does this apply to?

a. Primary care
b. Secondary care
c. None of the above

A

a. Primary care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Offer evidence-based psychological intervention

What type of care does this apply to?

a. Primary care
b. Secondary care
c. None of the above

A

b. Secondary care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are the 2 types of treatments for bipolar disorder?

A
  1. Medication
  2. Psychological treatments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What medication do patients of bipolar disorder typically receive?

List 3

A
  1. Mood stabilisers (e.g. lithium)
  2. Anti-depressants
  3. Anti-psychotics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

True or False?

Bipolar patients who receive adequate medication experience low relapse rates

A

False

Bipolar patients who receive adequate medication experience high relapse rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What are the 3 types of psychological treatments for bipolar disorder?

A
  1. Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention
  2. Family Focused Therapy
  3. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

What are the 3 stages to Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention of bipolar disorder?

A
  1. Provide
  2. Identify
  3. Work
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

What treatment for bipolar disorder involves these 3 stages:

  1. Provide
  2. Identify
  3. Work

a. Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention

b. Family Focused Therapy

c. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

A

a. Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

In Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention of bipolar disorder, what happens in the ‘Provide’ stage?

A

The treatment provides information about bipolar disorder and how people with bipolar disorder learn to cope better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

In Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention of bipolar disorder, what happens in the ‘Identify’ stage?

A

Identify warning signs – also called ‘prodromes’ or ‘relapse signature’

  • Changes in thoughts, feelings, behaviours
  • Quantified and grounded in personal experience
  • Judge early, middle and late strategies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

In Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention of bipolar disorder, what happens in the ‘Work’ stage?

A

Work collaboratively to identify effective coping strategies, e.g. relax, postpone behaviour, get feedback from family members

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention of bipolar disorder identifies warning signs

These are also known as…?

List 2 points

A

‘Prodromes’
or
‘Relapse signature’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention of bipolar disorder identifies warning signs

List the 3 types of warning signs

A
  1. Changes in thoughts, feelings, behaviours
  2. Quantified and grounded in personal experience
  3. Judge early, middle and late strategies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Which treatment for bipolar disorder provides information about bipolar disorder and how people with bipolar disorder learn to cope better?

A

Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Which treatment for bipolar disorder identifies warning signs – also called ‘prodromes’ or ‘relapse signature’?

A

Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Which treatment for bipolar disorder encourages patients to work collaboratively to identify effective coping strategies?

A

Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Describe the results of Perry et al.’s (1999) study on the efficacy of Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention

List 2 points

A
  1. 7-12 sessions of individual relapse prevention vs. treatment as usual
  2. Over 18 months, longer time to relapse with mania but no effects
    on time to relapse with depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

According to Perry et al. (1999), Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention resulted in longer time to relapse with …?

A

Mania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

According to Perry et al. (1999), Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention had no effects in time to relapse with…?

A

Depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Describe the results of Colom et al.’s (2003) study on the efficacy of Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention

List 2 points

A
  1. 21 sessions of group psychoeducation versus treatment as usual
  2. Reduced rates of relapse of mania and depression over 2 years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

According to Colom et al. (2003), Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention resulted in reduced rates of relapse of ____ and ____ over 2 years

A

Mania and Depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

“You have been excited and restless constantly for two days”

Is this a warning sign of mania?

Is it ‘normal’?

What are the potentials possibilities & pitfalls of identifying these warning signs?

How could this be improved?

What type of treatment for bipolar disorder is this?

A

Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention

66
Q

What are the 3 stages to Family Focused Therapy (FFT) for bipolar disorder?

A
  1. Work
  2. Provide
  3. Identify
67
Q

What treatment for bipolar disorder involves these 3 stages:

  1. Work
  2. Provide
  3. Identify

a. Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention

b. Family Focused Therapy

c. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

A

b. Family Focused Therapy

68
Q

In Family Focused Therapy (FFT) for bipolar disorder, what happens in the ‘Work’ stage?

A

Work with families or groups of families

69
Q

In Family Focused Therapy (FFT) for bipolar disorder, what happens in the ‘Provide’ stage?

A

Provide psychoeducation to improve their understanding of bipolar – non-blaming

70
Q

In Family Focused Therapy (FFT) for bipolar disorder, what happens in the ‘Identify’ stage?

A

Identify hostility, criticism and overprotectiveness & help build up more collaborative, positive communication

71
Q

What does Family Focused Therapy (FFT) for bipolar disorder identify?

List 3 points

A
  1. Hostility
  2. Criticism
  3. Overprotectiveness
72
Q

What does Family Focused Therapy (FFT) for bipolar disorder help individuals build up?

A

More collaborative, positive communication

73
Q

What treatment for bipolar disorder works with families or groups of families?

A

Family Focused Therapy (FFT)

73
Q

What treatment for bipolar disorder provides psychoeducation to improve their understanding of bipolar?

A

Family Focused Therapy (FFT)

74
Q

What treatment for bipolar disorder is non-blaming?

A

Family Focused Therapy (FFT)

75
Q

What treatment for bipolar disorder identifies hostility, criticism and overprotectiveness & helps build up more collaborative, positive communication?

A

Family Focused Therapy (FFT)

75
Q

Describe the results of Miklowitz et al.’s (2003) study on the efficacy of Family Focused Therapy (FFT)

List 2 points

A
  1. 21 sessions of family-focused psychoeducation and behavioural intervention vs crisis management
  2. Reduced relapse rates and mood symptoms over 2 years
76
Q

According to Miklowitz et al. (2003), Family Focused Therapy (FFT) results in reduced relapse rates and mood symptoms over ___ years

77
Q

Describe the results of Rea et al.’s (2003) study on the efficacy of Family Focused Therapy (FFT)

List 2 points

A
  1. Compared FFT to individual psychoeducation
  2. Lower rates of rehospitalisation
78
Q

According to Rea et al. (2003), Family Focused Therapy (FFT) results in lower rates of ____ compared to individual psychoeducation

A

Rehospitalisation

79
Q

What does Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for bipolar disorder do?

A

It develops a problem list with the client

80
Q

Develops a problem list with the client

Which treatment for bipolar disorder does this apply to?

A

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

81
Q

What does Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for bipolar disorder identify when patients are experiencing depression?

A

‘Negative automatic thoughts’ and challenge; activity scheduling

82
Q

What does Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for bipolar disorder identify when patients are experiencing hypomania?

A

Coping strategies

83
Q

What does Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for bipolar disorder do when patients are experiencing remission?

A

Help them engage in relapse prevention

84
Q

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for bipolar disorder identifies ‘negative automatic thoughts’ & challenge; activity scheduling during…?

A

Depression

85
Q

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for bipolar disorder identifies coping strategies during…?

86
Q

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) for bipolar disorder helps patients engage in relapse prevention during…?

87
Q

During depression, identify ‘negative automatic thoughts’ & challenge; activity scheduling

Which treatment for bipolar disorder does this apply to?

a. Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention

b. Family Focused Therapy

c. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

A

c. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

88
Q

During hypomania, identify coping strategies

Which treatment for bipolar disorder does this apply to?

a. Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention

b. Family Focused Therapy

c. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

A

c. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

89
Q

During remission, engage in relapse prevention

Which treatment for bipolar disorder does this apply to?

a. Psychoeducation/ Relapse Prevention

b. Family Focused Therapy

c. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

A

c. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

90
Q

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy may develop a personalised formulation of client’s ‘schemas’

What does this involve? List 2 points

A
  1. Problematic personal rules
  2. Test with behavioural experiments
91
Q

E.g. ‘I must be a complete success or my life is worthless’ – experiment with ‘less than perfect’ work

Which treatment for bipolar disorder does this apply to?

A

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

92
Q

Describe the results of Lam et al.’s (2003, 2005) study on the efficacy of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

List 2 points

A
  1. 20 sessions Individual CBT vs treatment as usual
  2. Reduced symptoms of depression, longer time to relapse over 2 years, improved functioning
93
Q

According to Lam et al.(2003, 2005), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) results in reduced symptoms of…?

A

Depression

94
Q

According to Lam et al.(2003, 2005), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) results in longer time to…?

A

Relapse over 2 years

95
Q

According to Lam et al.(2003, 2005), Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) results in improved…?

A

Functioning

96
Q

Describe the STEP trial – Systematic Treatment Enhancement Programme (Miklowitz et al., 2007)

List 3 points

A
  1. 15 sites across USA
  2. Equal efficacy of 30 sessions of FFT, interpersonal therapy and CBT vs. minimal care
  3. Intensive psychological therapies are all effective in community settings
97
Q
  1. 15 sites across USA
  2. Equal efficacy of 30 sessions of FFT, interpersonal therapy and CBT vs. minimal care
  3. Intensive psychological therapies are all effective in community settings

This is known as…?

A

STEP trial – Systematic Treatment Enhancement Programme (Miklowitz et al., 2007)

98
Q

What were the results of the STEP trial – Systematic Treatment Enhancement Programme (Miklowitz et al., 2007)?

List 2 points

A
  1. Effect sizes are modest
  2. Focus is on prevention of relapse rather than current symptoms and recovery
99
Q

True or False?

The STEP trial – Systematic Treatment Enhancement Programme’s focus is on current symptoms and recovery rather than prevention of relapse

A

False

The STEP trial – Systematic Treatment Enhancement Programme’s focus is on prevention of relapse rather than current symptoms and recovery

100
Q

Focus is on prevention of relapse rather than current symptoms and recovery

What treatment does this apply to?

A

STEP trial – Systematic Treatment Enhancement Programme

101
Q

Mood swings are a consequence of multiple, conflicted, extreme…?

A

Personal appraisals of changes in internal state

102
Q

A consequence of multiple, conflicted, extreme, personal appraisals of changes in internal state

This is known as…?

A

Mood swings

103
Q

Positive feelings of high energy is a consequence of…?

a. safe, relaxing
b. failure, boring
c. imminent success
d. mental breakdown

A

c. imminent success

104
Q

Negative feelings of high energy is a consequence of…?

a. safe, relaxing
b. failure, boring
c. imminent success
d. mental breakdown

A

d. mental breakdown

105
Q

Positive feelings of low energy is a consequence of…?

a. safe, relaxing
b. failure, boring
c. imminent success
d. mental breakdown

A

a. safe, relaxing

106
Q

Negative feelings of low energy is a consequence of…?

a. safe, relaxing
b. failure, boring
c. imminent success
d. mental breakdown

A

b. failure, boring

107
Q

Mood swings lead to …?

A

Internal struggle trying to exert extreme control over internal states rather than active, successful ways of pursuing goals

108
Q

Leads to internal struggle trying to exert extreme control over internal states rather than active, successful ways of pursuing goals

This is known as…?

A

Mood swings

109
Q

Describe the Integrative
Cognitive Model of
Bipolar Disorder

List 6 points

A
  1. Triggering event
  2. Change in internal state
  3. Appraised as having extreme personal meaning
  4. Descent Behaviours

and/or

Ascent Behaviours

  1. Life Experiences (including current environment & reactions of others)
  2. Beliefs about self, world and others (including procedural beliefs about affect and control)
110
Q

According to the Integrative
Cognitive Model of
Bipolar Disorder, what contributes to being appraised as having extreme personal meaning?

List 4

A
  • Change in internal state
  • Descent behaviours
  • Ascent behaviours
  • Beliefs about self, world and others (including procedural beliefs about affect and control)
111
Q

According to the Integrative
Cognitive Model of
Bipolar Disorder, what contributes to descent and ascent behaviours?

List 2

A
  • Appraised as having extreme personal meaning
  • Beliefs about self, world and others (including procedural beliefs about affect and control)
112
Q

According to the Integrative
Cognitive Model of
Bipolar Disorder, what contributes to life Experiences (including current environment & reactions of others)?

List 2

A
  • Ascent behaviours
  • Descent behaviours
113
Q

According to the Integrative
Cognitive Model of
Bipolar Disorder, what contributes to change in internal state?

List 4

A
  • Triggering event
  • Ascent behaviours
  • Descent behaviours
  • Life Experiences (including current environment & reactions of others)
114
Q

According to the Integrative
Cognitive Model of
Bipolar Disorder, what contributes to beliefs about self, world and others (including procedural beliefs about affect and control)?

A

Life Experiences (including current environment & reactions of others)

115
Q

What 6 behaviours do hypomanic patients engage in?

A
  1. Social Self Criticism
  2. Increasing Activation To Avoid Failure
  3. Success Activation and Triumph Over Fear
  4. Loss of control
  5. Grandiose Appraisals of Ideation
  6. Regaining Autonomy
116
Q

Hypomanic patients engage in social self criticism

What does this mean?

A

Reflecting self-critical beliefs and beliefs that others were critical, particularly in a social context

117
Q

Hypomanic patients engage in Increasing Activation To Avoid Failure

What does this mean?

A

Beliefs about needing to remain ‘on the go’ and active in order to avert failure provide another predisposing factor for striving to experience highly activated states

118
Q

Hypomanic patients engage in Success Activation and Triumph Over Fear

What does this mean?

A

Beliefs about extreme optimism and self-confidence, invincibility and desirability

119
Q

Hypomanic patients engage in Loss of control

What does this mean?

A

Includes items pertaining to losing control of moods and thoughts

120
Q

Hypomanic patients engage in Grandiose Appraisals of Ideation

What does this mean?

A

Extreme social aspirations and positive appraisals of idea generation reflected a cognitive style consistent with an ‘achievement striving’ personality

121
Q

Hypomanic patients engage in regaining autonomy

What does this mean?

A

Includes beliefs about ignoring advice from others and striving for autonomy

122
Q

Includes beliefs about ignoring advice from others and striving for autonomy

a. Loss of control

b. Grandiose Appraisals of Ideation

c. Regaining Autonomy

d. Social Self Criticism

e. Increasing Activation To Avoid Failure

f. Success Activation and Triumph Over Fear

A

c. Regaining Autonomy

123
Q

Extreme social aspirations and positive appraisals of idea generation reflected a cognitive style consistent with an ‘achievement striving’ personality

a. Loss of control

b. Grandiose Appraisals of Ideation

c. Regaining Autonomy

d. Social Self Criticism

e. Increasing Activation To Avoid Failure

f. Success Activation and Triumph Over Fear

A

b. Grandiose Appraisals of Ideation

124
Q

Includes items pertaining to losing control of moods and thoughts

a. Loss of control

b. Grandiose Appraisals of Ideation

c. Regaining Autonomy

d. Social Self Criticism

e. Increasing Activation To Avoid Failure

f. Success Activation and Triumph Over Fear

A

a. Loss of control

125
Q

Beliefs about extreme optimism and self-confidence, invincibility and desirability

a. Loss of control

b. Grandiose Appraisals of Ideation

c. Regaining Autonomy

d. Social Self Criticism

e. Increasing Activation To Avoid Failure

f. Success Activation and Triumph Over Fear

A

f. Success Activation and Triumph Over Fear

126
Q

Beliefs about needing to remain ‘on the go’ and active in order to avert failure provide another predisposing factor for striving to experience highly activated states

a. Loss of control

b. Grandiose Appraisals of Ideation

c. Regaining Autonomy

d. Social Self Criticism

e. Increasing Activation To Avoid Failure

f. Success Activation and Triumph Over Fear

A

e. Increasing Activation To Avoid Failure

127
Q

Reflecting self-critical beliefs and beliefs that others were critical, particularly in a social context

a. Loss of control

b. Grandiose Appraisals of Ideation

c. Regaining Autonomy

d. Social Self Criticism

e. Increasing Activation To Avoid Failure

f. Success Activation and Triumph Over Fear

A

d. Social Self Criticism

128
Q

When I am more active than usual, other people dislike me

a. Loss of control

b. Grandiose Appraisals of Ideation

c. Regaining Autonomy

d. Social Self Criticism

e. Increasing Activation To Avoid Failure

f. Success Activation and Triumph Over Fear

A

d. Social Self Criticism

129
Q

When I feel good, I must keep “on the go” all the time or things will fall apart around me

a. Loss of control

b. Grandiose Appraisals of Ideation

c. Regaining Autonomy

d. Social Self Criticism

e. Increasing Activation To Avoid Failure

f. Success Activation and Triumph Over Fear

A

e. Increasing Activation To Avoid Failure

130
Q

When I feel more active I realise that I am a very important person

a. Loss of control

b. Grandiose Appraisals of Ideation

c. Regaining Autonomy

d. Social Self Criticism

e. Increasing Activation To Avoid Failure

f. Success Activation and Triumph Over Fear

A

f. Success Activation and Triumph Over Fear

131
Q

When I get very agitated about something, I have no control over my behaviour

a. Loss of control

b. Grandiose Appraisals of Ideation

c. Regaining Autonomy

d. Social Self Criticism

e. Increasing Activation To Avoid Failure

f. Success Activation and Triumph Over Fear

A

a. Loss of control

132
Q

When I feel I am right, I must keep on generating lots more ideas and solutions

a. Loss of control

b. Grandiose Appraisals of Ideation

c. Regaining Autonomy

d. Social Self Criticism

e. Increasing Activation To Avoid Failure

f. Success Activation and Triumph Over Fear

A

b. Grandiose Appraisals of Ideation

133
Q

WhenI feel restless, what happens to me is more important than what happens to other people

a. Loss of control

b. Grandiose Appraisals of Ideation

c. Regaining Autonomy

d. Social Self Criticism

e. Increasing Activation To Avoid Failure

f. Success Activation and Triumph Over Fear

A

c. Regaining Autonomy

134
Q

Beliefs about internal states within the Integrative
Cognitive Model of
Bipolar Disorder is assessed by …?

A

The HAPPI scale

135
Q

The Integrative
Cognitive Model of
Bipolar Disorder clearly differentiates ___ from ___ and health controls

A

Bipolar from Unipolar depression

136
Q

The Integrative
Cognitive Model of
Bipolar Disorder predicts ___ symptoms over one month in 50 patients

A

Bipolar symptoms

137
Q

The Integrative
Cognitive Model of
Bipolar Disorder resulted in ____ after successful CBT

A

Reduced conviction in beliefs

138
Q

Key research on the Integrative
Cognitive Model of
Bipolar Disorder involved 3 types of studies

What are they?

A
  1. Diary studies
  2. Experimental studies
  3. Qualitative interview studies
139
Q

Does this apply to low or high mood continuum?

Triggers to low mood: I’ve done something wrong, thoughts of being worthless and feeling guilty, nightmares

140
Q

Does this apply to low or high mood continuum?

Triggers: calling mum can make me agitated

141
Q

Does this apply to low or high mood continuum?

Actions: Try not to think about things, rationalise with self, try to think clearly to knock off the positive, relax

142
Q

Does this apply to low or high mood continuum?

Actions: See friends, go to work, exercise, watch a DVD, listen to music, try to think clearly

143
Q

What metaphor is used to describe bipolar disorder, specifically, mood continuum?

A

The Icarus Metaphor
of Conflicting Appraisals

144
Q

The Icarus Metaphor
of Conflicting Appraisals is a metaphor used to describe what type of disorder?

A

Bipolar disorder

Specifically = Mood continuum

145
Q

Describe the The Icarus Metaphor of Conflicting Appraisals

A

Anger is flying in between the sun and the water

Sun = Warm (+) but melts wax holding wings (-)

Water = Cool (+) but wets feathers (-)

146
Q

According to the Icarus Metaphor of Conflicting Appraisals, what happens to the bandwidth after TEAMS?

A

Bandwidth increases

People tolerate and accept wider range of moods to pursue life goals

147
Q

According to the NICE guidelines (UK), what treatment is recommend for people with bipolar disorder?

A

Evidence-based psychological intervention(s)

148
Q

Evidence-based psychological intervention(s) is recommended for…?

A

People with bipolar disorder

149
Q

What treatment is recommended for people at-risk of bipolar disorder?

A

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy

150
Q

Cognitive Behaviour Therapy is recommended for …?

A

People at-risk of bipolar disorder

151
Q

Early Intervention in ___ services show health & economic benefits

A

Psychosis services

152
Q

Youth service models propose to widen intake criteria to include ___ and ___

A

Bipolar disorder and those at risk of developing Bipolar disorder

153
Q

Youth service models propose to widen intake criteria to include Bipolar disorder and those at risk of developing Bipolar disorder

This could yield ____ in savings in the UK

a. £52 million
b. £18 million
c. £41 million
d. £29 million

A

d. £29 million

154
Q

Describe the Cognitive model of Bipolar At Risk (CBT BAR)

List 6 points

A
  1. Trigger (event)
  2. Change in internal state
  3. Appraisal
    (severe extreme personal meanings)
  4. Faulty Self and Social Knowledge (Beliefs – Self/World/Other, procedural beliefs about affect and control, metacognitive beliefs)
  5. Mood and Physiology

And/Or

Responses (cognitive and behavioural) - ascent/descent

  1. Life Experiences & Environment
    (Including current environment and reactions of others)
155
Q

According to the Cognitive model of Bipolar At Risk (CBT BAR), what influences Appraisal?

List 4 points

A
  • Change in internal state
  • Faulty Self and Social Knowledge (Beliefs – Self/World/Other, procedural beliefs about affect and control, metacognitive beliefs)
  • Mood and Physiology
  • Responses (cognitive and behavioural) - ascent/descent
156
Q

According to the Cognitive model of Bipolar At Risk (CBT BAR), what influences Responses (cognitive and behavioural) - ascent/descent?

List 3 points

A
  • Appraisal
  • Faulty Self and Social Knowledge (Beliefs – Self/World/Other, procedural beliefs about affect and control, metacognitive beliefs)
  • Mood and Physiology
157
Q

According to the Cognitive model of Bipolar At Risk (CBT BAR), what influences Mood and Physiology?

List 3 points

A
  • Appraisal
  • Faulty Self and Social Knowledge (Beliefs – Self/World/Other, procedural beliefs about affect and control, metacognitive beliefs)
  • Responses (cognitive and behavioural) - ascent/descent
158
Q

According to the Cognitive model of Bipolar At Risk (CBT BAR), what influences changes in internal state?

List 4 points

A
  • Trigger (event)
  • Life Experiences & Environment
    (Including current environment and reactions of others)
  • Mood and Physiology
  • Responses (cognitive and behavioural) - ascent/descent
159
Q

True or False?

Symptoms of bipolar disorder are on a continuum with ‘normal’ experiences

YEAR 2 Mental Health (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions