Bipolar disorder Flashcards
1
Q
bipolar disorder
A
- marked by disturbances in mood
- mood swings ranging from significant depression to extreme euphoria (mania)
- recurrent mood disorder featuring at least one episode of mania or hypomania
2
Q
incidence and prevalence
A
- Bipolar Disorder affects approximately 2.6% of the U.S. population
- The average age of clients experiencing their first manic episode is 25 years
- Earlier age of onset is associated with worse outcomes, including rapid cycling in adulthood
- It is estimated that 25% to 50% of clients with bipolar disease attempt suicide at least once in their life with 15% completing suicide
3
Q
comorbidity
A
- Substance Abuse
- Personality Disorders
- Anxiety Disorders
- Psychosis
4
Q
rates of morbidity and mortality, with bipolar, are associated with:
A
Cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory diseases and other psychiatric illnesses and substance use disorders
5
Q
types of mood episodes
A
mania
hypomania
depression
6
Q
manic episodes
A
- sudden onset
- last few days to a few months
- abnormal and persistent elevated, expansive or irritable mood
- extreme mood swings, sudden outbursts, sleep disturbance, feeling full of energy, gradiosity, distracted, restless, exaggerated self-esteem, “flight of ideas,” pressured speech, sexual promiscuity and flamboyant in dress
- NOT severe enough to cause marked impairment
- NEED hospitalization to prevent harm to self or others
- symptoms not due to other causes
7
Q
hypomania
A
- Judgement remains fundamentally intact
- Not severe enough to cause marked impairment
- No need for hospitalization to prevent HARM TO SELF OR OTHERS
- Symptoms not due to other causes (Substance abuse, physical disease, etc.)
No psychotic features
8
Q
bipolar 1 disorder
A
- One or more manic episodes alternating with major depressive episodes
- Depressive symptoms tend to be far less responsive to conventional therapies than manic symptoms
- A mixed state or episode is when the individual has rapidly alternating moods between depression and mania
9
Q
bipolar 2 disorder
A
- A major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic episode
- No history of a manic episode or a mixed episode
- Diagnosing Bipolar II disorder sometimes is difficult, particularly if the clients present for the first time with a depressive episode
10
Q
cyclothymia
A
- Clients experience repeated periods of nonpsychotic depression and hypomania for at least 2 years (1 year for children and adolescents)
- Cyclothymia is diagnosed only if a client’s symptoms have never met the criteria for a major depressive or manic episode
11
Q
rapid cycling
A
- Clients have four or more manic episodes for at least 2 weeks in a single year
- Episodes marked by either partial or full remission for at least 2 months or a switch to an episode of opposite type
- Associated with high risk of recurrence and resistance to conventional drug treatments
- Greater severity of illness and prominent depressive symptoms
12
Q
assessment
A
early detection can prevent:
- suicide
- accidents
- substance abuse
- marital or work problems
- medical comorbidity
- legal problems
- financial problems
13
Q
Assessment: Characteristics of Mania (mood and behavior)
A
Mood: - Hypomanic to Manic - Sociality and Euphoria to Hostility, Irritability, Paranoia Behavior: - Hyperactivity - Bizarre and colorful dress - Highly distractible - Impulsive
14
Q
assessment: characteristics of mania (thought processes and cognitive function)
A
Thought processes: - Flight of ideas - Grandiosity - Poor judgment - Auditory hallucinations & delusional thinking Cognitive function: - Significant and persistent problems - Difficulties in psychosocial areas
15
Q
self assessment of the nurse
A
Manic patient: - Manipulative - Splitting - Aggressively demanding Staff member actions: - Set limits consistently - Frequent staff meetings to deal with patient behavior and staff response