Bipolar and Depressive Disorders

Question 1

ECT effect on memory

Answer 1

Retrograde amnesia caused by ECT will be more persistent than anterograde amnesia.

Question 2

Brain interaction in depression

Answer 2

Hyperactivity in ventromedial prefrontal cortex.
Hypoactivity in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.

Question 3

Higher than normal level of melatonin

Answer 3

Major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern.

Question 4

Highest rates of depression from 2009 to 2017

Answer 4

12 to 17 years old.

Question 5

Treatment resistant depression treatment.

Answer 5

Ketamine

Question 6

Bipolar disorder I diagnosis

Answer 6

One manic episode that may or may not have been preceded or followed by one or more major depressive or hypomanic episodes.

Question 7

Manic episode

Answer 7

Abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and increased activity or energy for at least one week. Includes three or more characteristics sxs (inflated self-esteem or grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, flight of ideas), marked impairment in functioning, a need for hospitalization to avoid harm to self or others, and/or presence of psychotic features.

Question 8

Hypomanic

Answer 8

Abnormally and persistent elevated, expansive, or irritable mood; increased activity or energy; and three or more symptoms of mania for at least four consecutive days. Sxs not severe enough no psychotic sxs.

Question 9

Bipolar II dxs

Answer 9

One hypomanic episodes and at least one major depressive episode.