Biotechnology (9) LearnSmart

Question 1

When two or more DNA molecules are linked together using in vitro methods the resulting molecule is called what?

Answer 1

recombinant DNA

Question 2

What is a good source of protein?

Answer 2

DNA

Question 3

What is a DNA library?

Answer 3

a collection of clones that together make up the entire genome of the organism being studied

Question 4

Complementary DNA (cDNA) produced from mature mRNA is used in cloning most eukaryotic genes, since it lacks what?

Answer 4

introns - which would disrupt the coding of genes

Question 5

cloning vector

Answer 5

bacteriophage or plasmid used in recombinant DNA technology
they must have- 
-promotor 
-must be capable of carrying donor DNA
- must be accepted by the cloning host

Question 6

what is a selectable marker?

Answer 6

something vectors normally have which is a gene that encodes resistance to an antibiotic such as ampicillin

Question 7

why do vectors have selectable markers?

Answer 7

allow researchers to eliminate any cells that have not taken up molecules containing vector sequences

Question 8

insertional inactivation

Answer 8

disruption of the vector markers function

Question 9

electroporation

Answer 9

cells that are not naturally competent (not ready to take up new DNA through transformation) such as E. Coli must be treated with chemicals to induce the DNA uptake
the procedure of electroporation creates temporary pores in the cytoplasmic membrane by exposing cells to an electric current

Question 10

simply what is dideoxy chain termination method?

Answer 10

it is the method used to cut DNA fragments into different sizes

Question 11

what is needed for PCR?

Answer 11

DNA template
DNA polymerase (Taq polymerase)
nucleotides (deoxyribonucleotides)
primers

Question 12

gel electrophoresis

Answer 12

way of using electronegativity to separate fragments of DNA by size

Question 13

what else can gel electrophoresis be used to separate other than DNA?

Answer 13

RNA

proteins

Question 14

what are the 3 basic steps of PCR?

Answer 14

1. template DNA is denatured
2. primers anneal to denatured DNA
3. DNA synthesis occurs

Question 15

Why is Taq polymerase used in PCR?

Answer 15

because it is thermal stable and can be used even when DNA has to be denatured by heat

Question 16

what is the difference between dideoxynucleotides and deoxynucleotides?

Answer 16

dideoxynucleotides are derivatives of deoxynucleotides that differ only in 3’OH group

Question 17

what is needed for dideoxy chain termination method?

Answer 17

Template DNA
DNA polymerase
Primer
Deoxynucleotides
Dideoxynucleotides