Biotechnology Flashcards
Colors of biotechnology include what?
Red, Green, White, Yellow, Blue, Grey, Gold, Brown, Violet, Dark
Health branch and is responsible according to the Biotechnology innovation organization (BIO) for the development of more than 250 vaccines and medications
Red biotechnology
It is used by more than 13 million farmers worldwide to fight pests and nourish crops and strengthen them against microorganisms and extreme weather events
Green biotechnology
The industrial branch works to improve manufacturing processes, the development of biofuels, and other technologies to make industry more efficient and sustainable
White biotechnology
This branch is focused on food production and for example, it carries out research to reduce the levels of saturated fats in cooking oils
Yellow biotechnology
This exploits marine resources to obtain aquaculture, cosmetics, and health care products.
Blue biotechnology
It is the branch most widely used to obtain biofuels from certain microalgae
Blue biotechnology
Its purpose is the conservation and restoration of contaminated natural ecosystems through bioremediation processes.
Grey biotechnology
A process that uses mainly microorganisms, plants, or microbial or plant enzymes to detoxify contaminants in the soil and other environments
Bioremediation process
Also known as bioinformatics
Gold biotechnology
It is responsible for obtaining, storing and analyzing and separating biological information especially that related to DNA and amino acid sequences
Gold biotechnology
It centers around treatment of desert-like soils and drawing from species that are highly resistant to dry and saline soils. This involves mainly places such as Africa.
Brown biotechnology
It actually centers upon the study of the legal aspects that surround this science.
Violet biotechnology
Includes biosecurity and moral impact of certain technologies (gene therapy, animal testing, etc.)
Violet biotechnology
It includes production of biological warfare and bioterrorism.
Dark biotechnology
It investigates pathogenic, virulent and resistant microorganisms to convert them into biological weapons or counteract their harmful effects.
Dark biotechnology
Tools of biotechnology include:
Bioprocessing technology and genetic engineering
It is the industrial application of biological processes involving living cells or their components to effect the desired transformation of substrates.
Bioprocessing technology
The most commonly used whole cells are what?
Yeast and bacteria
The most commonly used component is?
Enzyme
The technique of removing, modifying or adding genes to a DNA molecule to change the information it contains.
Genetic engineering
More commonly known as recombinant DNA technology
Genetic engineering
The product of Genetic engineering is called
Genetically modified organism
Better crops, improved animals health
Agricultural
New tests, vaccines and medicines
Medical and health care
Better manufacturing processes and consumer products
Chemical and environmental
What are the four main areas of biotechnology
Transgenic biotechnology, reproductive cloning, reprogramming of cells, forensic biotechnology
Scientific practice of introducing genetic material from one organism into another unrelated organism
Transgenic biotechnology
The pituitary gland produces a crucial hormone called; provides for normal growth and development
Human Growth hormone
The pancreas among other function produces a crucial hormone called; It ensures that glucose is taken up by the cells for cellular respiration
Insulin
Deliberate production of genetically identical individuals
Reproductive cloning
Asexual reproduction that occurs naturally where offspring is born with sexual reproduction
Parthenogenesis
It is a scientific technique that involves taking the nucleus from a body cell and transferring it into an egg cell that has had its own nucleus removed
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
First cloned animal
Dolly
Body’s raw materials
Stems cells
Cells from which all other cells with specialized functions are generated
Stems cells
Undifferentiated, meaning they haven’t become a type of cell yet
Stems cells
When a sperm meets an egg, the resulting zygote is what?
Totipotent
The inner cell mas, the source of embryonic stem cells
Pluripotent
It has the ability to create a whole organism or at least all different types of tissues
Totipotent
It can only give rise to most types of tissues and definitely not a whole organism
Pluripotent
This tricks the cell into changing from a differentiated cell into a pluripotent cell
iPS (Induced pluripotent stem) cells
This could eliminate the need for embryonic stem cells
iPS (Induced pluripotent stem) cells
It deals with the study and investigation of genomic information for the identification of specific signatures.
Forensic biotechnology
It is used to determine the identity of certain individuals like criminals
Forensic biotechnology
Laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge
Electrophoresis
It is used to move the molecules through a gel or other matrix
Electric current
Used to make thousands of copies of key regions of the original DNA strand
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Specific regions within DNA where a short sequence of nucleotides is repeated multiple times
Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)
It has the ability to sequence dna
DNA Analysis
Degenerative brain disorder that usually start causing telltale symptoms around age 35
Huntington’s disorder
Emerging technique used to treat genetic disorders that are caused by nonfunctional gene
Gene therapy
It works by delivering the missing gene’s DNA to the cells of the body
Gene therapy
It is a process of intentionally choosing and mating organisms with desirable traits to produce offspring with those specific traits
Selective breeding
Transgenic crops that produce the same toxins as the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis in the plant cell, thereby, protecting the crops from pests.
BT crops
Using animal parts for human
Xenotransplantation
