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Biology > Biotechnology > Flashcards

Biotechnology Flashcards

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1
Q

Colors of biotechnology include what?

A

Red, Green, White, Yellow, Blue, Grey, Gold, Brown, Violet, Dark

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2
Q

Health branch and is responsible according to the Biotechnology innovation organization (BIO) for the development of more than 250 vaccines and medications

A

Red biotechnology

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3
Q

It is used by more than 13 million farmers worldwide to fight pests and nourish crops and strengthen them against microorganisms and extreme weather events

A

Green biotechnology

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4
Q

The industrial branch works to improve manufacturing processes, the development of biofuels, and other technologies to make industry more efficient and sustainable

A

White biotechnology

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5
Q

This branch is focused on food production and for example, it carries out research to reduce the levels of saturated fats in cooking oils

A

Yellow biotechnology

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6
Q

This exploits marine resources to obtain aquaculture, cosmetics, and health care products.

A

Blue biotechnology

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7
Q

It is the branch most widely used to obtain biofuels from certain microalgae

A

Blue biotechnology

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8
Q

Its purpose is the conservation and restoration of contaminated natural ecosystems through bioremediation processes.

A

Grey biotechnology

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9
Q

A process that uses mainly microorganisms, plants, or microbial or plant enzymes to detoxify contaminants in the soil and other environments

A

Bioremediation process

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10
Q

Also known as bioinformatics

A

Gold biotechnology

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11
Q

It is responsible for obtaining, storing and analyzing and separating biological information especially that related to DNA and amino acid sequences

A

Gold biotechnology

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12
Q

It centers around treatment of desert-like soils and drawing from species that are highly resistant to dry and saline soils. This involves mainly places such as Africa.

A

Brown biotechnology

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13
Q

It actually centers upon the study of the legal aspects that surround this science.

A

Violet biotechnology

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14
Q

Includes biosecurity and moral impact of certain technologies (gene therapy, animal testing, etc.)

A

Violet biotechnology

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15
Q

It includes production of biological warfare and bioterrorism.

A

Dark biotechnology

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16
Q

It investigates pathogenic, virulent and resistant microorganisms to convert them into biological weapons or counteract their harmful effects.

A

Dark biotechnology

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17
Q

Tools of biotechnology include:

A

Bioprocessing technology and genetic engineering

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18
Q

It is the industrial application of biological processes involving living cells or their components to effect the desired transformation of substrates.

A

Bioprocessing technology

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19
Q

The most commonly used whole cells are what?

A

Yeast and bacteria

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20
Q

The most commonly used component is?

A

Enzyme

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21
Q

The technique of removing, modifying or adding genes to a DNA molecule to change the information it contains.

A

Genetic engineering

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22
Q

More commonly known as recombinant DNA technology

A

Genetic engineering

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23
Q

The product of Genetic engineering is called

A

Genetically modified organism

24
Q

Better crops, improved animals health

A

Agricultural

25
Q

New tests, vaccines and medicines

A

Medical and health care

26
Q

Better manufacturing processes and consumer products

A

Chemical and environmental

27
Q

What are the four main areas of biotechnology

A

Transgenic biotechnology, reproductive cloning, reprogramming of cells, forensic biotechnology

28
Q

Scientific practice of introducing genetic material from one organism into another unrelated organism

A

Transgenic biotechnology

29
Q

The pituitary gland produces a crucial hormone called; provides for normal growth and development

A

Human Growth hormone

30
Q

The pancreas among other function produces a crucial hormone called; It ensures that glucose is taken up by the cells for cellular respiration

A

Insulin

31
Q

Deliberate production of genetically identical individuals

A

Reproductive cloning

32
Q

Asexual reproduction that occurs naturally where offspring is born with sexual reproduction

A

Parthenogenesis

33
Q

It is a scientific technique that involves taking the nucleus from a body cell and transferring it into an egg cell that has had its own nucleus removed

A

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

34
Q

First cloned animal

A

Dolly

35
Q

Body’s raw materials

A

Stems cells

36
Q

Cells from which all other cells with specialized functions are generated

A

Stems cells

37
Q

Undifferentiated, meaning they haven’t become a type of cell yet

A

Stems cells

38
Q

When a sperm meets an egg, the resulting zygote is what?

A

Totipotent

39
Q

The inner cell mas, the source of embryonic stem cells

A

Pluripotent

40
Q

It has the ability to create a whole organism or at least all different types of tissues

A

Totipotent

41
Q

It can only give rise to most types of tissues and definitely not a whole organism

A

Pluripotent

42
Q

This tricks the cell into changing from a differentiated cell into a pluripotent cell

A

iPS (Induced pluripotent stem) cells

43
Q

This could eliminate the need for embryonic stem cells

A

iPS (Induced pluripotent stem) cells

44
Q

It deals with the study and investigation of genomic information for the identification of specific signatures.

A

Forensic biotechnology

45
Q

It is used to determine the identity of certain individuals like criminals

A

Forensic biotechnology

46
Q

Laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge

A

Electrophoresis

47
Q

It is used to move the molecules through a gel or other matrix

A

Electric current

48
Q

Used to make thousands of copies of key regions of the original DNA strand

A

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

49
Q

Specific regions within DNA where a short sequence of nucleotides is repeated multiple times

A

Short Tandem Repeats (STRs)

50
Q

It has the ability to sequence dna

A

DNA Analysis

51
Q

Degenerative brain disorder that usually start causing telltale symptoms around age 35

A

Huntington’s disorder

52
Q

Emerging technique used to treat genetic disorders that are caused by nonfunctional gene

A

Gene therapy

53
Q

It works by delivering the missing gene’s DNA to the cells of the body

A

Gene therapy

54
Q

It is a process of intentionally choosing and mating organisms with desirable traits to produce offspring with those specific traits

A

Selective breeding

55
Q

Transgenic crops that produce the same toxins as the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis in the plant cell, thereby, protecting the crops from pests.

A

BT crops

56
Q

Using animal parts for human

A

Xenotransplantation

Biology (6 decks)

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