Biochemistry Flashcards
Building blocks of the cells
Biomolecules
Four types of biomolecules
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
Most abundant of the four biomolecules
Carbohydrates
Transportable and usable form of energy
Carbohydrates
Sugar found in fruits
Fructose
Known as table sugar, combination of 1 glucose unit and 1 fructose unit
Sucrose
Most common of disaccharides and found in almost everything that is edible
Sucrose
Biomolecules that are considered as hydrophobic or water-hating
Lipids
They do not exhibit polymerization but are large molecules in their own respect
Lipids
Simple lipids are:
Fats/Oils, Waxes, Terpenes
Complex lipids are:
Phospholipids, Steroids
Serves as the storage units of energy
Fats and oils
Lipids that come from animals
Fats
Lipids that come from plants
Oils
Double bonds are absent; tight packing of molecules happen; bad cholesterol
Saturated fat
Double bonds are present; tight packing of molecules is impossible; good cholesterol
Unsaturated fat
Oldest of all the biological compounds
Terpenes
Lipids that are similar in structure to fats and oils
Phospholipids
They are the building blocks of the cell membrane
Phospholipids
Chemical messenger produced in one part of the body
Hormones
Building blocks of the sex hormones
Steroids
Most complex in structure
Protein
Most versatile of all the biomolecules
Protein
Building blocks of protein
Amino Acids
Structure of protein
Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
Simplest level of a protein’s structure
Primary structure
Arrangement of amino acids in a chain
Primary structure
Dependent on the interactions of the functional groups
Secondary structure
Dependent on the interactions of R-groups
Tertiary structure
Common in proteins whose primary structure is made up of multiple chains
Quaternary structure
Protect the body from infection
Antibodies
Proteins which reduce activation energy allowing chemical reactions to occur in living things
Enzymes
Inorganic/organic compound that speed up the chemical reactions
Catalysts
2 ideas about enzymes action
Lock and key model, Induced Fit model
Substrate fits into the active site like a key into a lock; The enzyme put stress on the bond
Lock and key model
If a protein loses its shape and function; substrate cant enter the active site
Denatured enzymes
Substance on which an enzymes act
Substrate
