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biotechnology > biotech cell test > Flashcards

biotech cell test Flashcards

1
Q

cell membrane

A

fatty phospholipid bilayer
constantly in motion
homeostasis (stays the same)

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2
Q

cell wall

A

PLANT
helps maintain shape
provides protection
made up of mostly cellulose

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3
Q

cytoplasm

A

suspends and protects organelles

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4
Q

vacuole

A

stores materials within cell

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5
Q

ribosome

A

sites of protein synthesis

transcription/translation

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6
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

packages proteins for transport out of the cell
rough and smooth ER
network of membranes found throughout the cell

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7
Q

rough ER

A

wrapped around nucleus

synthesizes and packages proteins

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8
Q

smooth ER

A

stores substances

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9
Q

central vacuole

A

PLANT
stores water
provides structure when full

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10
Q

chloroplast

A

PLANT
contains chlorophyll
site of photosynthesis

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11
Q

mitochondria

A

powerhouse of cell

creates energy in form of ATP (respiration)

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12
Q

cellular respiration

A

converts glucose into usable ATP

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13
Q

nucleus

A

controls all cell functions in a eukaryotic cell

contains DNA

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14
Q

nuclear membrane

A

keeps all of the chromatin and nucleolus inside

has pores to allow mRNA to go to ribosomes

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15
Q

lysosomes

A

(garbage man of cell)

digests excess or worn out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria using enzymes

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16
Q

microtubules

A

define cell structure and movement

forms part of cytoskeleton

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17
Q

nuclear pores

A

allows RNA and proteins to pass through

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18
Q

centrioles/centrosome

A

ANIMAL-CENTRIOLE
PLANT-CENTROSOME
helps cell to reproduce/split

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19
Q

membrane bound organelles

A

Eukaryotic

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20
Q

cellulose based cell wall (where a cell wall is present)

A

Eukaryotic

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21
Q

DNA held on linear chromosomes

A

Eukaryotic

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22
Q

DNA locked within the nucleus

A

Eukaryotic

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23
Q

ATP production occurs in mitochondria

A

Eukaryotic

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24
Q

has nucleus

A

Eukaryotic

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25
Q

large (70s) ribosomes

A

Eukaryotic

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26
Q

phospholipid bi-layer cell membrane

A

Eukaryotic

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27
Q

may have undulipodia

A

Eukaryotic

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28
Q

no membrane bound organelles

A

Prokaryotic

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29
Q

Peptidoglycan based cell wall (where cell wall is present)

A

Prokaryotic

30
Q

DNA held on circular chromosomes

A

Prokaryotic

31
Q

DNA contented within the cytoplasm

A

Prokaryotic

32
Q

ATP production occurs in the unfolded regions of the cell membrane called mesosomes

A

Prokaryotic

33
Q

no nucleus

A

Prokaryotic

34
Q

small ribosomes

A

Prokaryotic

35
Q

ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis

A

Prokaryotic

36
Q

may have flagella

A

Prokaryotic

37
Q

phospholipid bilayer

A

marks the boundaries of a cell
heads are polar and hydrophilic
tails are hydrophobic

38
Q

peripheral protein

A

selectively allow cells to enter

cellular communication

39
Q

integral protein

A

extend through the lipid bilayer
one end contacts the interior and the other touches the exterior
TRANSPORT

40
Q

glycoprotein

A

has a carbohydrate attached to it that signals whether a specific cell should or should not be in the body

41
Q

cytoskeleton

A

structural framework

transportation

42
Q

concerning energy and protein use: Lipid diffusion

A

no energy

no proteins

43
Q

concerning energy and protein use: osmosis

A

no energy

no proteins

44
Q

concerning energy and protein use: passive transport

A

no energy

does use proteins

45
Q

concerning energy and protein use: active transport

A

uses energy

uses proteins

46
Q

concerning energy and protein use: Vesicles

A

uses energy

does not use proteins

47
Q

endocytosis

A

transport of materials into a cell

48
Q

exocytosis

A

transport of materials out of a cell

49
Q

vesicles

A

process of endocytosis and exocytosis

materials are enclosed by a fold in the cell membrane, which pinches shut to form a closed vesicle and vice versa

50
Q

active transport/pumping

A

movement against concentration gradient

protein binds a molecule to be transported on one side of the membrane, changes shape and releases it on the other side

51
Q

passive transport

A

channel protein

carrier protein

52
Q

channel protein

A

from a water-filled pore into membrane which ions are able to diffuse across
cell can control entry and exit of ions

53
Q

carrier protein

A

have a binding site for a specific solute

substance will bind on high concentration side and be released on low concentration side

54
Q

tonicity

A

the concentration of the solution that surrounds a cell will affect the cell, due to osmosis

55
Q

hypotonic solution

A

animal-water enters; cell swells

plant-water enters cell; becomes turgid

56
Q

isotonic solution

A

animal and plant- no net water movement; cell normal size

57
Q

hypertonic solution

A

animal- water leaves; cell shrinks

plant- water leaves; cytoplasm shrinks (plasmolysis)

58
Q

water potential

A

a calculation of which way the water will move and how fast in osmosis

59
Q

osmosis

A

the diffusion of water from a dilute to a concentrated solution across a membrane
water travels to the highest concentration of solute

60
Q

lipid diffusion

A

small, non polar molecules pass directly through the lipid bilayer

61
Q

what materials enter the nucleus

A

ribonucleotides for RNA synthesis, Deoxyriboneucleotides for DNA synthesis, histones, and ATP

62
Q

what materials exit the nucleus

A

mRNA, and tRNA

63
Q

what materials does the nucleus need to produce ribosomes

A

nucleotides, RNA polymerases and transcription factors

64
Q

where do RNA nucleotides come from

A

engulfing other cells
absorbing them
producing them with enzymes
and through the person’s diet

65
Q

purpose of cristae

A

reduces time needed for ATP synthesis through a larger surface area

66
Q

if a lysosome breaks open or leaks its contents, why is the containing cell not digested?

A

enzymes only digest the sub straight that they specifically work with, so if it breaks it will only affect the lysosome

67
Q

function of the thylakoid membrane

A

where the photosynthetic light reactions take place

68
Q

function of the rough ER

A

make and pack proteins

69
Q

how do different organelles communicate with eachother

A

by sending vesicles, through proteins or through direct contact

70
Q

study diagrams

A

study diagrams

biotechnology (4 decks)

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