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PRV > Biostatistics > Flashcards

Biostatistics Flashcards

1
Q

Levels of prevention + examples and target population

A

Primordial : smoking ban | general population, patients at risk
Primary : prevents disease onset, immunization, iodine supplementation | susceptible
Secondary : early diagnosis and prompt treatment,screening tests| asymptomatic
Tertiary : prevent compliations| rehab | symptomatic

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2
Q

Level of prevention that reduces INCIDENCE of disease

A

primary

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3
Q

Level of prevention that reduces PREVALENCE of diseases

A

secondary

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4
Q

Goals of public health

A

health promotion

disease prevention

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5
Q

Independent vs Dependent variables

A 
Independent = cause; can be manipulated to create an effect
Dependent = effect
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6
Q

act of examining or studying a segment of the population to represent the whole

A

Sampling

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7
Q

group from which REPRESENTATIVE INFORMATION is desired and to which inferences will be made

A

Target population

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8
Q

variables that confuses the results of the study

A

confounders

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9
Q

Despcriptive vs Inferential statistics

A

Descriptive - use of graphs or table to better summarize or present data

Inferential - use of generalizations or conclusions from presented data; includes testing of hypothesis

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10
Q

Primary vs Secondary source of data

A

Primary - firsthand information from the investigator

Secondary- from existing data

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11
Q

complete enumeration of a popiulation

A

census

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12
Q

How often is the Philippine census taken

A

every 5 years (next,2022)

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13
Q

2 methods of conducting census; differentiate

A

Defacto - person regardless of address

Dejure - address

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14
Q

Vital events

A

Birth, marriage, death

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15
Q

Quantitative vs Qualitative data

A

Quantitative - discrete, continuous

Qualitative - nomnal ordinal, interval, ratio

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16
Q

year of birth is what type of qualitative data

A

interval

17
Q

lowest form of qualitatige data

A

nominal

18
Q

age is what type of qualitative data

A

ratio [FIXED ZERO]

19
Q

When must birth certificate be filed after birth

A

within 30 days

20
Q

When should death certifiate be filed

A

within 48H

except in epidemics: within 5 days after burial

21
Q

who can issue death certificate

A

1) AP
2) MHO
3) Mayor

22
Q

Cause vs Manner of death

A

cause of death: physiologic and pathologic causes leading to death

manner of death: circumstantial - suicide, homicide

23
Q

type of death written in birth certificate

A

Immediate - direct cause of death
Antecedent - complication
Underlying - disease; most IMPORTANT

24
Q

65 yo male with hx of uncontrolled DM had CVD which ld to confiemet. during the course of hospitalization, patient developed PNA and diead. Cause of death

A

Immediate: PNA
Andecendent : CVD
Underlying uncontrolled DM

25
Q

Circumstances when a normal death certificate cannot be issued

A

DOA
Foul play
death before recovery from surgery or anesthesia

26
Q

important characteristics in data collection

A 
accuracy 
precision
validity
reliabilty
completeness
objectivity
27
Q

trueness of test measurement

A

accuracy

28
Q

accuracy is related with

A

PPV, NPV

29
Q

consistency and reproducibility of test; absence of random variation

A

precision

30
Q

random error leads to

A

reduced precision

31
Q

systemic error lead to

A

reduced accuracy

32
Q

adequacy and representativeness of sample size

A

completeness

33
Q

screening test validity is associated with

A

sensitivity,specificity, false(+), false (-

34
Q

ability of screening test to label positive those who have the disease

A

Sensitivity

[SCREENING TEST]

35
Q

ability of test to label negative those who are negative

A

Specificity

[CONFIRMATORY TEST]

36
Q

SPINS-SNOUT

A

Specificity (+) = rule in

Sensitivity (-) = rule out

37
Q

issues with screening

A

BIASES

38
Q

types of biases

A

Lead time - increase survival because early dx but same outcome
Length - benign vs agressive disease
Over diagnosis
Self Selection

39
Q

used for assessing value of performing dx test

A

likelihood ratio

PRV (4 decks)

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