Biostatistics Flashcards
Levels of prevention + examples and target population
Primordial : smoking ban | general population, patients at risk
Primary : prevents disease onset, immunization, iodine supplementation | susceptible
Secondary : early diagnosis and prompt treatment,screening tests| asymptomatic
Tertiary : prevent compliations| rehab | symptomatic
Level of prevention that reduces INCIDENCE of disease
primary
Level of prevention that reduces PREVALENCE of diseases
secondary
Goals of public health
health promotion
disease prevention
Independent vs Dependent variables
Independent = cause; can be manipulated to create an effect Dependent = effect
act of examining or studying a segment of the population to represent the whole
Sampling
group from which REPRESENTATIVE INFORMATION is desired and to which inferences will be made
Target population
variables that confuses the results of the study
confounders
Despcriptive vs Inferential statistics
Descriptive - use of graphs or table to better summarize or present data
Inferential - use of generalizations or conclusions from presented data; includes testing of hypothesis
Primary vs Secondary source of data
Primary - firsthand information from the investigator
Secondary- from existing data
complete enumeration of a popiulation
census
How often is the Philippine census taken
every 5 years (next,2022)
2 methods of conducting census; differentiate
Defacto - person regardless of address
Dejure - address
Vital events
Birth, marriage, death
Quantitative vs Qualitative data
Quantitative - discrete, continuous
Qualitative - nomnal ordinal, interval, ratio
year of birth is what type of qualitative data
interval
lowest form of qualitatige data
nominal
age is what type of qualitative data
ratio [FIXED ZERO]
When must birth certificate be filed after birth
within 30 days
When should death certifiate be filed
within 48H
except in epidemics: within 5 days after burial
who can issue death certificate
1) AP
2) MHO
3) Mayor
Cause vs Manner of death
cause of death: physiologic and pathologic causes leading to death
manner of death: circumstantial - suicide, homicide
type of death written in birth certificate
Immediate - direct cause of death
Antecedent - complication
Underlying - disease; most IMPORTANT
65 yo male with hx of uncontrolled DM had CVD which ld to confiemet. during the course of hospitalization, patient developed PNA and diead. Cause of death
Immediate: PNA
Andecendent : CVD
Underlying uncontrolled DM
