Biosecurity, Adulteration, Food Supply Protection Flashcards
what is the legal definition of food adulteration?
food product fails to meet legal standards (something in there that shouldn’t be)
What are some forms of food adulteration (+ examples)?
adding ingredient of lesser value (melamine in milk)
adding color/flavor to mask defect
using species of lesser value (cow milk to dilute goat milk)
Using ingredient from “off-label” location (Asian oysters sold as Canadian)
What is food security?
Access to sufficient calories on a daily basis
What is the main food security issue in the developed world?
FOOD SAFETY (contaminated food will threaten food supply)
What are current concerns in the modern world about foodbourne illness?
increased foodbourne illness in “convenience food” (ready-to-eat)
import/export introduces new foodbourne illnesses
Intentional contamination of food with biological hazards is known as _____. What is the goal?
bioterrorism
economic gains or to cause harm
What is the difference between unintentional foodbourne illness and bioterrorism?
unintentional: due to system failure (lack of quality control, safety measures): contaminant is introduced, allowed to grow, and survives -> cause harm
bioterrorism: intentionally introduced (attack), defeats in-place controls
what was the largest documented bioterrorist attack in the US? What occurred and what was the motive?
1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack
contaminated salad bars in various restaurants with Salmonella typherium; goal is to sicken locals so they can’t vote in election
Are measures to protect against bioterrorism common? Why or why not?
NO; most companies relectant to invest since very low chance of it happening
What 2 sets of risk management tools help determine if protective interventions are useful and economically justified?
- operational risk management (ORM)
2. criticality, accessibility, recuperability, vulnerability, effect, recognizability (CARVER)
The 5 steps of ORM:
- identify hazards
- assess potential consequences
- determine which risks to manage with interventions
- implement interventions
- assess success
General definition of ORM:
ORM relates the severity of the failure and the probability of the failure (risk)
How are probability and severity evaluated in ORM?
severity: very high (high morbidity/mortality) > high (mostly morbidity, some mortality) > medium (no mortality) > low (no real impact)
probability: very high (continuously vulnerable) > high (regularly vulnerable) > medium (sometimes) > low (seldom) > very low (rarely vulnerable)
Does OMR require sensitive details on agents to be discussed?
No - just need general characteristics (how much contaminant could be added, mitigation steps)
What are the steps of the CARVER + Shock process?
- Criticality: significance of health/economic consequences
- Acessibility: physical access to target
- Recuperability: system resiliency; time to bring back to operation
- Vulnerability: feasibility of attack success
- Effect: direct losses (fraction of food system)
- Recognizability: ease of target identification (how much specialized knowledge needed)
- Shock: combined health/economic/psych impacts of attack
