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Psychology Paper 2 > Biopsychology > Flashcards

Biopsychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Split Brain Research

A01

A

Sperry studies epileptic patients who had had a commissurotomy
* can describe pictures seen on the right side - lanuage in the left
* right hemisphere is better at matching faces

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2
Q

Split brain

Right hemisphere

A01

A

Visuo-spatial

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3
Q

Split brain

Left Hemisphere

A01

A

Verbal and analytical

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4
Q

Split Brain Research

A03

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  • Scientific, valid, reliable, standardised
  • low population validity
  • Overseer or two minds
  • Pop-psychology
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5
Q

Neural Plasticity

A01

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Ability of the brain to change and adapt it’s structure
Peaks at 2-3 years
* Functional recovery
* Axonal sprouting
* Reformation of blood vessels
* Recruitment of homologous systems

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6
Q

Neural Plasticity

A03

A
  • Cats eyes (area of brain not idle)
  • Black cab drivers (posterior hippocampus)
  • Neurorehabilitation (physical therapy)
  • Music (change for kids > adults)
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7
Q

EEG

A01

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Electroencephalogram
Record of tiny electric impulses produced by the brain’s activity
Uses electrodes on the scalp

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8
Q

Pros of EEG

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  • High temporal resolution
  • Safe
  • Useful for studying epilepsy and sleep as well as vegetative states
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9
Q

Cons of EEGs

A03

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  • Poor spatial resolution
  • Impractical for moving around
  • Cannot pinpoint source of activity
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10
Q

ERPs

A01

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Event Related Potentials
EEGs that are averaged to remove all extraneous brain activity
Responses that directly respond to specific stimuli

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11
Q

Pros of ERPs

A03

A
  • High temporal resolution
  • Useful in investigating OCD and perception of speech
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12
Q

Cons of ERPs

A03

A
  • Lack of standardisation
  • Impractical
  • Only useful for simple stimuli
  • Poor spatial resolution
  • Several EEGs needed
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13
Q

Post Mortems

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Analysis of the brain after death
Aims to link physical differences in thte brain with behavioural differences displayed in life

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14
Q

Pros of Post Mortems

A03

A
  • Early understanding of brain structure and localisation of function
  • Useful for Schizophrenia and locating language areas
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15
Q

Cons of Post Mortems

A03

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  • Abnormalities are not limited to one disorder
  • Can’t draw accurate conclusions about localisation of function
  • Correlation =/= causation
  • Ethical issues
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16
Q

fMRI

A01

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Detects changes in bloood oxygenation
Shows which areas of the brain are more active

17
Q

Pros of fMRIs

A03

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  • Evidence of cause and effect
  • Led to advances in brain surgeries
  • Risk free
  • High spatial resolution
18
Q

Cons of fMRIs

A03

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  • Can’t move in one
  • Low temporal resolution
19
Q

Motor Cortex

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Back of the frontal lobe
Planning, control and carrying out voluntary movement

20
Q

Somatosensory Cortex

A01

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Front of the parietal lobes
Processes sensory information
Separated from motor area by cental sulcus

21
Q

Occipital Lobes

A01

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Back of brain
Recieves and processes visual information
* Vental “what” stream
* Dorsal “where” stream

22
Q

Auditory Area

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In the temporal lobe
Analyses speech based informationand auditory stimuli
Contains Wernicke’s area

23
Q

Wernicke’s Area

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Left temporal lobe
Responsible for language comprehension
Wernicke’s aphasia: language is fluent but meaningless

24
Q

Broca’s Area

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Left frontal lobe
Area responsible for speech production
Broca’s aphasia: speech lacks fluency

25
Q

Sleep Stages

A01

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1) Falling asleep
* Alpha waves, hypnagogic state

2) Light sleep
* Theta waves, sleep spindles

3) Deeper sleep
* Delta waves

4) Deepest sleep
* SWS, delta waves, physiological activity

5) REM
* Paralyis, beta waves

26
Q

Divisions of the Nervous System

A01

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CNS and PNS
PNS (Autonomic and Somatic)
ANS ( Sympathetic and Parasympatheic)

27
Q

Parts of the Nervous System

A01

A

Somatic - concious external actions of skin and muscles

Autonomic - unconscious internal activities of organs and glands

Sympatheic - fight or flight

Parasympathetic - rest and digest

28
Q

Infradian Rythms

A01

A

A cycle lasting for more than 24 hours

For example the menstral cycle
* EPs: hypothalamus and pituitary
* Hormones: oestrogen and progesterone
* EZs: other women’s pheromones

29
Q

Ultradian Rythms

A01

A

Occur more than once in 24 hours
For example the sleep cycle

30
Q

Infradian Rythms

A03

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  • Sweat pheremones study
  • Effect of light
31
Q

Ultradian Rythms

A03

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  • EEGs pros and cons
  • RWA - brain development occurs during REM
32
Q

Exogenous Zeitgebers

A01

A

External time cues that regulate biological rythms through entrainment

33
Q

Exogenous Zeitgebers

A03

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  • Free running studies
  • Knees
  • Blind man
  • Reductionist
34
Q

Endogenous Pacemakers

A01

A

Innate internal body clocks
Suprachiasmatic nucleas (SCN)

35
Q

Enndogenous Pacemakers

A03

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  • Rats (chipmunks)
  • Hamsters
  • Animals in general
  • Reductionism
36
Q

Circadian Rythms

A01

A

A cycle lasting about a day
Biological clock entrained by external cues
Such as the sleep wake cycle

37
Q

Circadian Rythm

A03

A
  • Siffre
  • Bunker
  • Cave (fast time)
  • Issues with free running
  • RWA (school and shifts)

Psychology Paper 2 (3 decks)

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