Biopsych: Plasticity and functional recovery Flashcards

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1
Q

Synaptic pruning

A

Rarely used synaptic connections are deleted, and frequency used synaptic connections are strengthened

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2
Q

Posterior hippocampus

A

The part of the brain associated with spatial and navigational skills

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3
Q

Rehabilitative therapy/neurorehabilitation

A

After a few weeks of spontaneous recovery, physical therapy may be required to maintain improvements

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4
Q

Axonal sprouting

A

The growth of new nerve endings which connect with undamaged nerve cells to form new neuronal pathways

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5
Q

Reformation of blood vessels

A

The blood vessels are reformed to ensure the brain functions in affected areas

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6
Q

Homologous areas of the brain

A

Similar areas on opposite sides of the brain are recruited to perform specific tasks

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7
Q

Plasticity

A

Describes the brain’s tendency to change and adapt (functionally and physically) as a result of experience and learning

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8
Q

Functional recovery

A

A form of plasticity
Following damage through trauma, the brain’s ability to redistribute or transfer functions performed by damaged areas to undamaged areas

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9
Q

Maguire (2000)

A

The taxi driver study - used fMRI to image the brains of London taxi drivers and found significantly more grey matter in the posterior hippocampus

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10
Q

Draganski (2006)

A

The medical students study - imaged the brains of medical students before and after their final exams and found that the posterior hippocampus and parietal cortex had changed due to learning

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11
Q

Mechelli (2004)

A

The bilingual people study - found that bilingual people had a larger parietal cortex than monolingual people

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12
Q

Neurorehabilitation

A

Neurorehabilitation has improved as a result of plasticity research

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13
Q

Ramachandran and Hirstein (1998)

A

The phantom limb syndrome study - found that 60-80% of amputees experience PLS, thought to be due to cortical reorganisation in the somatosensory cortex

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14
Q

Bezzola (2012)

A

The golf training study - found that 40 hours of golf training produced neural changes in participants aged 40-60

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15
Q

Hubel and Weisel (1963)

A

The kitten study - sewed one eye of a kitten shut and found that the area of the visual cortex associated with the shut eye continued the process information from the left eye

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16
Q

Schneider (2014)

A

The brain injury patient study - found that patients who spent longer in education had a higher chance of a disability-free recovery