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Psychology > Biopsych Ao1 > Flashcards

Biopsych Ao1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Nervous System

A

Fast acting messages through neurons

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2
Q

Endocrine system

A

Slower acting, release of hormone on target organs

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3
Q

Process of fight or flight

A
  1. Senses pick up stressor
  2. Sensory receptors and neurons in PNS send info to hypothalamus which triggers SNS
  3. Adrenaline is released from the adrenal medulla and transported through blood
  4. Adrenaline effects, hr increase, br increase
  5. When treat over hypothalamus triggers less activity and triggers PNS
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4
Q

Synaptic Transmission

A
  1. Action potential arrives at presynaptic membrane causing depolarisation by opening calcium ion channels
  2. Increased conc. of calcium ions cause vesicles to realise neurotransmitters into synapse
  3. They diffuse across down a concentration gradient
  4. Have either inhibitory or exhititary effect. Inhibitories reduce PD which reduce likelihood of action potential. Exhititory increase PD by opening more sodium ion channels increasing likelihood of action potential
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5
Q

Localisation of Function

A

Suggests certain areas of the brain are responsible for certain processes, behaviours and activities

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6
Q

Motor area

A

Frontal lobe

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7
Q

Visual area

A

Occipital lobe

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8
Q

Auditory area

A

Superior temporal gyrus

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9
Q

Wernikes Area

A

Controls speech comprehension

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10
Q

Brocas area

A

Controls speech production

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11
Q

Plasticity

A

Brains ability to physically and functionally adapt after trauma

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12
Q

Maguire et al

A

Taxi driver in London had larger volume of grey matter in med posterior hippocampus, positive correlation between grey matter volume and amount of time being driver

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13
Q

Functional recovery

A

Ability to transfer functions of damaged brain areas to other areas

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14
Q

Neural regeneration

A

New neural pathways formed

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15
Q

Neural reorganisation

A

New blood vessels and axonal sprouting

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16
Q

Hemispheric lateralisation

A

Theory that each half of brain is mainly responsible for certain behaviours and processes

17
Q

Split brain research- Sperry et al

A

-11ppts had corpus callosum cut for seizures
-ppts had eye covered so info would only be received by one visual field
-presented word to right VF would be processed by LH so could say word
-presented word to left VF processed by RH so could write word with left hand but not say it

18
Q

Use of PET scans

A

Use radio active isotopes with long half life. As isotope decays, radiotracers are formed. More gather in areas of high activity due to the haemodynamic response. Such areas appear brightly coloured

19
Q

Use of fMRI scans

A

Rely on haemodynamic response. Areas with more activity have a higher rate of deoxygenation which appear brightly coloured in the scan

20
Q

Use of EEG scans

A

Electrodes are attached to the scalp and measures electric activity across the brain i.e action potentials being transmitted across the axons of neurons

21
Q

Use of Post-Mortem examinations

A

Involve comparison of brain with that of a healthy neurotypical brain. Any differences can be assumed to have caused the ppts neurological problems in their life

22
Q

Use of ERPs

A

Isolate specific neural responses associated with sensory, cognitive and motor events, works by using statistical averaging techniques

23
Q

Motor neuron

A

Carry info from CNS to effectors, long axons, short dendrites

24
Q

Relay neuron

A

Carry info between neurons, short axons and dendrites

25
Q

Sensory neuron

A

Carry info from receptors to CNS, short axons, long dendrites

26
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

Biological rhythm that lasts 24hrs eg sleep wake cycle

27
Q

Endogenous pacemaker for sleep wake

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus sends messages to pineal glands to release melatonin

28
Q

Exogenous Zeitgebers for Sleep wake

A

Light/dark, when dark SCN sends message for melatonin

29
Q

Siffre cave study

A
  • stayed in a cave for several weeks with no natural light
    -when he came out thought it was one month later but internal rhythm the same- shows the role of SCN
30
Q

Ultradian rhythms

A

Shorter than 24hrs such as sleep stages

31
Q

Sleep stages

A

S1+2: light sleep, alpha waves
S3+4: deep sleep
S5: REM sleep, theta waves, dreaming

32
Q

Infradian rhythms

A

Longer than 24hrs eg menstral cycle

33
Q

Examples of exogenous zeitgeibers

A

Effects of pheromones on menstrual cycle, light for sleep,

34
Q

Examples of endogenous pacemakers

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus

Psychology (10 decks)

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