Biophysics/electrophysiology

Question 1

Neuron

Answer 1

Main functioning cell

Question 2

Neuroglia

Answer 2

Reproducible cells that act as support for neurons and regulate extracellular environment

Question 3

Soma

Answer 3

Cell body, holds nucleus, Rough ER, and Cytoskeleton

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

Efferent limb

Has very different population of channels than body and dendrites

Question 5

Dendrites

Answer 5

Afferent limb
Transduce
Extension of soma

Question 6

Synapses

Answer 6

Send signals from the neuron to other cells

Question 7

Astrocytes

Answer 7

Physical support
Induce formation of blood-brain barrier
Cleans up, signals, and creates

Question 8

Oligocendrecytes

Answer 8

Form myelin sheath in CNS

Maintain axon integrity/modulate axon diameter

Question 9

Ependymal cells

Answer 9

Line cavities of brain/spinal cord
Contribute to CSF
Serve as neural stem cell

Question 10

Microglia

Answer 10

Scavengers
Eliminate “extra” synapses
Modulate pain response

Question 11

Myelin

Answer 11

Insulates cell axons to create a quicker transmission

Question 12

Membrane Potential equation

Answer 12

E = g - g/ g+g

Question 13

EPSP

Answer 13

Excitatory postsynaptic potentials

Synaptic potential is depolarize/more likely to fine an action potential

Question 14

IPSP

Answer 14

Inhibitory post synaptic potential

Hyperpolarization/less likely to fire an action potential

Question 15

Electrical synapses

Answer 15

where cell 1 and cell 2 are in physical contact with gap junction channels, sending electrical messages

Question 16

Chemical synapses

Answer 16

where chemical signals are sent from pre to post through synaptic cleft

Question 17

Step 1 in Chemical Transmission

Answer 17

Propagation of the action potential down the presynaptic axon of the motor neuron results in depolarization of the membrane of the synaptic terminal

Question 18

Step 2 in Chemical Transmission

Answer 18

Voltage-gated calcium channels in synaptic terminal open in response to the depolarization

Question 19

Step 3 in Chemical Transmission

Answer 19

Calcium enters the synaptic terminal through open Ca channels (Intracellular Ca in increased by Ca influx)

Question 20

Step 4 of Chemical Transmission

Answer 20

Synaptic vesicles fuse to presynaptic membrane (dependent to Ca) resulting in release of neurotransmitter into synaptic cleft

Question 21

summation

Answer 21

the initiation of action potentials

Question 22

EPP

Answer 22

end-plate potentials

Question 23

hyperpolarization

Answer 23

cell becomes more negative:

Question 24

relative refractory period

Answer 24

only larger-than-normal stimulus can initiate a new action potential. (both Na and K channels open)

Question 25

intracellular concentration of sodium

Answer 25

15 mM

Question 26

intracellular concentration of potassium

Answer 26

150 mM

Question 27

extracellular concentration of sodium

Answer 27

150 mM

Question 28

extracellular concentration of potassium

Answer 28

5 mM

Question 29

membrane potential

Answer 29

the potential (voltage) difference across the cell membrane.

Question 30

resting membrane potential

Answer 30

the membrane potential “at rest”

-70mV

Question 31

Nernst equation

Answer 31

Ex = (60/z) log ( [x]outside / [x]inside)

Question 32

Physiological modulation

Answer 32

Normal regulation of synaptic transmission

1. presynaptic facilitation
2. presynaptic inhibition

Question 33

Neuromuscular transmission

Answer 33

Signaling between neuron and skeletal muscle

Use ACh acetylcholine

Question 34

Neuromuscular junction

Answer 34

Acon terminal plud motor end plate

Question 35

Step 1 neuromuscular transmission

Answer 35

Propagation of the action potential down the presynaptic axon of the motor neuron results in depolarization of the membrane of the synaptic terminal

Question 36

Step 2 neuromuscular transmission

Answer 36

Voltagr gated calcium channels in synaptic terminal open in response to depolarization

Question 37

Depolarize

Answer 37

Cell becomes more positive
Open K+ channels
Creates an action potential

Question 38

Repolarize

Answer 38

More negative
To resting membrane potential
Open Na+ channels

Question 39

Net flux

Answer 39

Total change in both directions

Driving force x Permeability

Question 40

Saltatory conduction

Answer 40

Skipping conduction due to myelin sheaths