Biopharmaceutics

Question 1

Site of action

Answer 1

The location where an administered drug produces an effect

Question 2

Receptor

Answer 2

The cellular material located at the site of action that interacts with the drug

Question 3

Agonists

Answer 3

Drugs that activate receptors to accelerate or slow normal cellular function

Question 4

Antagonists

Answer 4

Drugs that bind with receptors but do not activate them. They block receptor action by preventing other drugs or substances from activating them

Question 5

Duration of action

Answer 5

The time drug concentration is above the MEC

Question 6

Minimum toxic concentration(MTC)

Answer 6

The upper limit of the therapeutic window. Drug concentrations above the MTC increase risk of undesired effects

Question 7

Minimum effective concentration (MEC)

Answer 7

The blood concentration needed for a drug to produce a response

Question 8

Onset of action

Answer 8

The time MEC is reached and the response occurs

Question 9

Therapeutic window

Answer 9

A drug’s blood concentration range between it’s MEC and MTC

Question 10

Active transport

Answer 10

The movement of drugs from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration; cellular energy required

Question 11

Disposition

Answer 11

A term sometimes used to refer to all of the ADME processes together

Question 12

ADME

Answer 12

4 processes that make up drug concentrations in blood also called disposition 
Absorption 
Distribution 
Metabolism
And 
Excretion

Question 13

Elimination

Answer 13

The processes of metabolism and excretion

Question 14

Hydrophilic

Answer 14

Capable of associating with or absorbing water

Question 15

Hydrophobic

Answer 15

Water repelling; cannot associate with water

Question 16

Lipoidal

Answer 16

Fat-like or lipid-loving

Question 17

Passive diffusion

Answer 17

The movement of drugs from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration

Question 18

Absorption

Answer 18

The movement of a drug from the dosage formulation to the blood

Question 19

Enzyme

Answer 19

A complex protein the catalyzes chemical reactions

Question 20

Gastric emptying time

Answer 20

The time a drug stays in the stomach before it is emptied into the small intestine

Question 21

Entrerohepatic cycling

Answer 21

The transfer of drugs and their metabolites from the liver to the bile in the gallbladder, then into the intestine, and then back into circulation

Question 22

Enzyme induction

Answer 22

The increase in hepatic enzyme activity that results in greater metabolism of drugs

Question 23

Enzyme inhibition

Answer 23

The decrease in hepatic enzyme activity that results in reduced metabolism of drugs

Question 24

First-pass metabolism

Answer 24

The substantial degradation of an orally administred drug caused by enzyme metabolism in the liver before the drug reaches the systemic circulation

Question 25

Metabolite

Answer 25

The substance resulting from the body’s transformation of an administered drug

Question 26

Golmerular filtration

Answer 26

The blood filtering process of the nephron

Question 27

Absolute bioavailability

Answer 27

The bioavailability of a drug product compared to the same drug in a rapidly administered IV solution

Question 28

Bioavailability

Answer 28

The amount of an administered dose that reaches the general circulation and the rate at which it occurs

Question 29

Relative bioavailability

Answer 29

The bioavailability of a drug product compared to the same drug in any other dosage form than a rapidly administered IV solution

Question 30

Bioequivalency

Answer 30

The comparison of bioavailability between two dosage forms

Question 31

Pharmaceutical alternative

Answer 31

Drug products that contain the same active ingredient, but not necessarily in the same salt form, amount or dosage form