Biopharmaceutics Flashcards

1
Q

Site of action

A

The location where an administered drug produces an effect

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2
Q

Receptor

A

The cellular material located at the site of action that interacts with the drug

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3
Q

Agonists

A

Drugs that activate receptors to accelerate or slow normal cellular function

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4
Q

Antagonists

A

Drugs that bind with receptors but do not activate them. They block receptor action by preventing other drugs or substances from activating them

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5
Q

Duration of action

A

The time drug concentration is above the MEC

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6
Q

Minimum toxic concentration(MTC)

A

The upper limit of the therapeutic window. Drug concentrations above the MTC increase risk of undesired effects

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7
Q

Minimum effective concentration (MEC)

A

The blood concentration needed for a drug to produce a response

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8
Q

Onset of action

A

The time MEC is reached and the response occurs

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9
Q

Therapeutic window

A

A drug’s blood concentration range between it’s MEC and MTC

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10
Q

Active transport

A

The movement of drugs from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration; cellular energy required

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11
Q

Disposition

A

A term sometimes used to refer to all of the ADME processes together

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12
Q

ADME

A
4 processes that make up drug concentrations in blood also called disposition 
Absorption 
Distribution 
Metabolism
And 
Excretion
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13
Q

Elimination

A

The processes of metabolism and excretion

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14
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Capable of associating with or absorbing water

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15
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Water repelling; cannot associate with water

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16
Q

Lipoidal

A

Fat-like or lipid-loving

17
Q

Passive diffusion

A

The movement of drugs from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration

18
Q

Absorption

A

The movement of a drug from the dosage formulation to the blood

19
Q

Enzyme

A

A complex protein the catalyzes chemical reactions

20
Q

Gastric emptying time

A

The time a drug stays in the stomach before it is emptied into the small intestine

21
Q

Entrerohepatic cycling

A

The transfer of drugs and their metabolites from the liver to the bile in the gallbladder, then into the intestine, and then back into circulation

22
Q

Enzyme induction

A

The increase in hepatic enzyme activity that results in greater metabolism of drugs

23
Q

Enzyme inhibition

A

The decrease in hepatic enzyme activity that results in reduced metabolism of drugs

24
Q

First-pass metabolism

A

The substantial degradation of an orally administred drug caused by enzyme metabolism in the liver before the drug reaches the systemic circulation

25
Metabolite
The substance resulting from the body's transformation of an administered drug
26
Golmerular filtration
The blood filtering process of the nephron
27
Absolute bioavailability
The bioavailability of a drug product compared to the same drug in a rapidly administered IV solution
28
Bioavailability
The amount of an administered dose that reaches the general circulation and the rate at which it occurs
29
Relative bioavailability
The bioavailability of a drug product compared to the same drug in any other dosage form than a rapidly administered IV solution
30
Bioequivalency
The comparison of bioavailability between two dosage forms
31
Pharmaceutical alternative
Drug products that contain the same active ingredient, but not necessarily in the same salt form, amount or dosage form