Biopharmaceutics Flashcards
Site of action
The location where an administered drug produces an effect
Receptor
The cellular material located at the site of action that interacts with the drug
Agonists
Drugs that activate receptors to accelerate or slow normal cellular function
Antagonists
Drugs that bind with receptors but do not activate them. They block receptor action by preventing other drugs or substances from activating them
Duration of action
The time drug concentration is above the MEC
Minimum toxic concentration(MTC)
The upper limit of the therapeutic window. Drug concentrations above the MTC increase risk of undesired effects
Minimum effective concentration (MEC)
The blood concentration needed for a drug to produce a response
Onset of action
The time MEC is reached and the response occurs
Therapeutic window
A drug’s blood concentration range between it’s MEC and MTC
Active transport
The movement of drugs from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration; cellular energy required
Disposition
A term sometimes used to refer to all of the ADME processes together
ADME
4 processes that make up drug concentrations in blood also called disposition Absorption Distribution Metabolism And Excretion
Elimination
The processes of metabolism and excretion
Hydrophilic
Capable of associating with or absorbing water
Hydrophobic
Water repelling; cannot associate with water
Lipoidal
Fat-like or lipid-loving
Passive diffusion
The movement of drugs from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration
Absorption
The movement of a drug from the dosage formulation to the blood
Enzyme
A complex protein the catalyzes chemical reactions
Gastric emptying time
The time a drug stays in the stomach before it is emptied into the small intestine
Entrerohepatic cycling
The transfer of drugs and their metabolites from the liver to the bile in the gallbladder, then into the intestine, and then back into circulation
Enzyme induction
The increase in hepatic enzyme activity that results in greater metabolism of drugs
Enzyme inhibition
The decrease in hepatic enzyme activity that results in reduced metabolism of drugs
First-pass metabolism
The substantial degradation of an orally administred drug caused by enzyme metabolism in the liver before the drug reaches the systemic circulation
Metabolite
The substance resulting from the body’s transformation of an administered drug
Golmerular filtration
The blood filtering process of the nephron
Absolute bioavailability
The bioavailability of a drug product compared to the same drug in a rapidly administered IV solution
Bioavailability
The amount of an administered dose that reaches the general circulation and the rate at which it occurs
Relative bioavailability
The bioavailability of a drug product compared to the same drug in any other dosage form than a rapidly administered IV solution
Bioequivalency
The comparison of bioavailability between two dosage forms
Pharmaceutical alternative
Drug products that contain the same active ingredient, but not necessarily in the same salt form, amount or dosage form
