BIOOOO Flashcards
Common in unicellular organisms like bacteria.
BINARY FISSION
The parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells
BINARY FISSION
A new organism develops as a bud on the parent’s body (eg., hydra, yeast).
BUDDING
The parent organism breaks into fragments, and each fragment grows into a new organism (e.g… starfish, spirogyra).
FRAGMENTATION
New plants grow from vegetative parts like roots, stems, or leaves (e.g., potatoes from tubers, bryophyllum from leaves)
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION:
Organisms produce spores that grow into new individuals under favorable conditions (eg., fungi. ferns)
SPORE FORMATION:
Development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg (eg., some insects, reptiles).
PARTHENOGENESIS
Animals possess specialized organ systems that work together to maintain _, support growth, reproduction, and ensure survival. Each organ system has specific roles, but they are _.
HOMEOSTASIS
INTERDEPENDENT
Components:
Skin, hair, nails, feathers, scales, glands
Functions:
Protects the body from physical damage, pathogens, and dehydration
Regulates body temperature (e.g.. sweating, insulation)
Sensory reception (eg., detecting touch, pain, temperature)
Synthesizes vitamin D in sunlight.
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Components:
Bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons.
Functions:
Provides structural support and shape to the body.
Protects vital organs (e.g. skull protects the brain, ribcage protects the heart and lungs)
Enables movement in conjunction with the muscular system.
Produces blood cells in bone marrow (hematopoiesis).
Stores and releases minerals like calcium and phosphorus.
SKELETAL SYSTEM
Components:
Skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles.
Functions:
Facilitates movement of the body and internal organs
Maintains posture and body position.
Generates heat through muscle contractions (thermogenesis).
MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Components:
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs (e.g., eyes, ears)
Functions:
coordinates and controls body activities by transmitting signals.
processes sensory information and triggers appropriate responses
maintains homeostasis through regulation of internal functions
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Components: Glands (eg., pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas) hormones.
Functions:
Regulates body processes like growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress responses through hormones.
Works closely with the nervous system to maintain homeostasis
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Components: Heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) blood.
Functions:
Transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body.
Maintains body temperature and pH balance.
Protects the body via immune cells and clotting mechanisms
CARDIOVASCULAR (CIRCULATORY) SYSTEM
Components: Lungs, trachea, bronchi, diaphragm, nasal passages.
Functions:
Facilitates gas exchange (oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal)
Helps regulate blood pH.
Provides oxygen for cellular respiration
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Components: Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, gallbladder.
Functions:
Breaks down food into nutrients.
Absorbs nutrients into the bloodstream
Eliminates undigested waste as feces.
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Components: Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra.
Functions:
Removes waste products and toxins from the body.
Regulates blood pressure and blood pH
Maintains water and electrolyte balance.
Urinary (Excretory) System
Components
Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, white blood cells.
Functions:
Removes excess fluids from tissues and returns them to the bloodstream.
Defends the body against infections and diseases.
Filters and destroys pathogens.
IMMUNE AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS
Components:
Male Testes, penis, vas deferens, prostate.
Female: Ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina.
Functions:
Produces gametes (sperm in males, eggs in females)
Facilitates fertilization and reproduction. Supports fetal development lin femalesi.
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Special Systems in Certain Animals
_: Found in insects and crustaceans for external support.
_: Found in organisms like earthworms, where body shape is maintained by fluid pressure.
EXOSKELETAL SYSTEM
HYDROSTATIC SYSTEM
