BIO Flashcards
What is the theory that most scientists believe regarding the origin of life?
Life arose from non-living matter (spontaneous generation)
This theory was eventually debunked by various experiments.
Who first observed cells and invented the simple microscope?
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek (1676)
He referred to cells as ‘animalcules’.
What term did Robert Hooke coin in 1665?
Cell
The Latin word ‘cellula’ means ‘small rooms’.
What experiment did Francesco Redi conduct in 1668?
Placed meat in one jar with a cap and one without to observe maggot infestation
His experiment debunked spontaneous generation.
What did John Needham claim in his 1745 experiment?
That new microbes arose spontaneously from boiled broth
His experiment used unclean water.
What was Lazzaro Spallanzani’s contribution to debunking spontaneous generation?
He sealed boiled broth in a tube, preventing microbial growth
His results contrasted with Needham’s findings.
What significant experiment did Louis Pasteur conduct in 1861?
Swan neck flask experiment that ended the debate on spontaneous generation
Established the principle of biogenesis.
What does the principle of biogenesis state?
Life forms only arise from existing life
This principle was established by Pasteur.
What is pasteurization?
A process of heating liquid to kill harmful microorganisms without altering quality
It is commonly applied to milk and juices.
Who linked a fungus to silkworm disease?
Agostino Bassi
His work contributed to the germ theory of disease.
What is the significance of the smallpox vaccine developed by Edward Jenner?
It was the first successful vaccine
The term ‘vacca’ means cow, referencing the source of the vaccine.
What did Dmitri Ivanovsky identify in 1892?
The first virus (Tobacco mosaic virus)
This marked a significant advancement in virology.
What did Alexander Fleming discover?
The first antibiotic, penicillin
He observed that mold could inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus bacteria.
What is the main role of the xylem in plants?
Transports water and dissolved minerals from roots to leaves
It is a key component of the vascular system.
What are the components of the root system in plants?
Roots and associated structures
Functions include anchorage, absorption, storage, and transport.
What is the primary function of leaves in the shoot system?
Photosynthesis
Leaves convert light energy into chemical energy.
What distinguishes sexual reproduction from asexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction involves gametes from two parents; asexual reproduction involves a single parent
This leads to genetic variation in sexual reproduction.
What is the function of the integumentary system in animals?
Protects the body from damage, pathogens, and dehydration
It includes skin, hair, nails, and glands.
What is the role of the skeletal system?
Provides structural support and protects vital organs
It also enables movement and produces blood cells.
What are the components of the muscular system?
Skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, cardiac muscles
Facilitates movement and maintains posture.
What does the nervous system do?
Coordinates and controls body activities by transmitting signals
It processes sensory information and helps maintain homeostasis.
Fill in the blank: The process of heating liquid to kill harmful microorganisms is called _______.
Pasteurization
Fill in the blank: The first virus to be identified was the _______.
Tobacco mosaic virus
Fill in the blank: The primary site for photosynthesis in plants is the _______.
Leaves
True or False: Asexual reproduction results in genetically diverse offspring.
False
Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical clones.
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
Facilitates gas exchange (oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal)
It also helps regulate blood pH.
What does the immune system do?
Defends the body against infections and diseases
It filters and destroys pathogens.
