BIOMOLECULES PART 2 Flashcards
Describe and give the function for the following:
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi Apparatus
- Cytoskeleton
- Vesicles
Endoplasmic reticulum- Network of interconnected membranes and tubes that transports and synthesizes proteins
Golgi Apparatus- Flattened stacks of membrane that sorts packages and modifies proteins for the RER using vesicles
Cytoskeleton- Complex network of fibers that function in cell support and movement
Vesicles- Cellular envelopes that are used to transport materials from one place to another
What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?
Osmosis- The movement of water across a membrane
Diffusion- The movement of any chemical from one place to another
Where does energy come from for passive transport?
Doesn’t use chemical energy but it relies on the innate permeability of the cell membrane
What is the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?
Diffusion moves ions from high concentration to low, (uses no metabolic energy). While active transport moves ions from low concentration to high, (uses metabolic energy in the form of ATP).
Define the following:
- Induced Fit Model
- Active site
- Allosteric site
- Competitive inhibition
- Non-competitive inhibition
- End product inhibition
Induced Fit Model- Shows the interaction between an enzyme and a substrate
Active site- Region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.
Allosteric site- A site at which a small regulatory molecule interacts with an enzyme to inhibit or activate that specific enzyme
Competitive inhibition- binding of the inhibitor to the active site on the enzyme prevents binding of the substrate and vice versa.
Non-competitive inhibition- binds to the enzyme away from the active site, altering the shape of the enzyme so that even if the substrate can bind, the active site functions less effectively.
End product inhibition- The final product of after a series of reactions with enzymes
What are 3 factors that influence enzyme activity and describe how the reaction rate is affected
pH- denatures enzyme and causes reaction to occur easily
Temperature and Concentration- increase reaction rate
What does endergonic and exergonic mean and list reactions and identify them as ender or exer
Endergonic- Energy is required
Exergonic- Energy is released
Reactions:
Hydrolysis: Exergonic
Synthesis: Endergonic
Redox: Both
What are different forms of active transport?
The Sodium-Potassium pump, Exocytosis, and Endocytosis.
What is the ratio of Na+/K+ that are transported into and out of the cell?
3 positive ions (Na+) are pumped out of the cell for every 2 positive ions (K+) pumped into the cell meaning that there’s more positive charges leaving than entering
