BIOMOLECULES Flashcards
What is a saturated fatty acid and an example of one?
Doesn’t have a double bond between molecules and the fat is “saturated” with hydrogen molecules. Solid at room temp. Ex= steric acid (butter)
What is a unsaturated fatty acid and an example of one?
One or more double bond in the fatty acid chain. Liquid @ room temp. Ex= Linoleic acid (vegetable oil)
What is a polysaturated fatty acid and an example of one?
Dietary fat. It’s also one of the healthy fats and is found in plant and animal foods.
What atoms make up carbohydrates?
Carbon hydrogen and oxygen
What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms present in all carbohydrates?
2:1
Examples of carbohydrates? Monomers? Functional groups? Linkages? Polarity?
Ex- Sugar, starch and fiber Monomer- Monosaccharides Functional groups- hydroxyl and ketone or aldehyde Linkage- ether Polarity- Polar
What is the difference between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides? Their functions?
Mono- 1 sugar bond (glucose) which is an energy provider
Di- double sugar bond
Poly- many monosaccharide bonds ( many sugar bonds) and its also a carbohydrate meaning it provides energy
What are the 3 types of monosaccharides?
Glucose, fructose and galactose
What are the two examples of polysaccharides?
Cellulose and chitin
SUCROSE-SUCROSE —> GLUCOSE + FRUCTOSE What are the products of this hydrolysis rxn?
Glucose and fructose
GLUCOSE + GLUCOSE —> MALTOSE + H20
What are the reactants of the dehydration synthesis reaction?
Glucose and glucose
How are the hydrolysis and dehydration synthesis reactions related?
Polymers are either broken apart by water or brought together because of water
What substance is the repeating unit that makes up glycogen?
Glucose
Examples of monosaccharides
- C6H12O6
- Glucose
- Fructose
- Galactose
Examples of disaccharides
- C12H22O11
- Lactose
- Sucrose
- Maltose
Examples of polysaccharides
Cellulose, glycogen and starch
What are some foods that contain carbohydrates?
Potatoes, rice, bread etc
Examples of protein? Monomers? Functional groups? Linkages? Polarity?
Ex- Keratin and hemoglobin Monomers- Amino acids Functional groups- amino and carboxyl Linkages- Amide and peptide Polarity- Hydrophilic= polar. Hydrophobic= non-polar
Examples of lipids? Monomers? Functional groups? Linkages? Polarity?
Ex- Waxes and triglycerides Monomers- glycerol and fatty acids Functional groups- Carboxyl and hydroxyl Linkages- Ester Polarity- non-polar
Polar covalent
Unequal sharing of electrons
Hydrogen Bonding
Strong attraction between polar molecules
VSEPR Theory
Valence shell electron pair repulsion (valence e- move as far apart as possible)
Non- polar
Symmetrical molecules are non polar regardless of bonding
Intermolecular forces:
Attractive force between molecules
Van Der Waals forces: dipole- dipole:
- London forces (weak dipole- dipole)
- Hydrogen bonding (strong dipole-dipole)
Why is water polar?
Its asymmetrical shape (1 side (+) and 1 side (-) charged
It is also polar covalent
Acid + Base in water
Acid- Produce hydronium ions (easily loses proton)
Base- Produce hydroxide ions (easily binds w/ proton)
What is acidosis and alkalosis
Acidosis- Acid in blood
Alkalosis- excessive blood alkalinity
Hydrolysis
Molecule of water is added to substance
Buffer
Keeps pH constant by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions
Neutralization Rxn
Between an acid and base (water is removed and salt is formed)
Carbon molecules
Methane (1c) Ethane Propane Butane Pentane Hexane (6c)
Hydro carbons
Alkane: single carbon-carbon bond (saturated) ie. ethane c-c
Alkene: 1 double bond (unsaturated) ie. ethene c=c
Alkyne: triple bond ie. ethyne
Dehydration synthesis Rxn
Monomers combine w/ each other w/ covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers
Electronegativity
0——————–1.7—————-4.2
Covalent ionic
